几种食肉目动物的足迹与粪便形态描述

Description on Foot Tracts and Fecal Morphology of Several Carnivore Species

为利用足迹和粪便度量途径获得野外快速识别物种的方法,通过鉴定已有标本、调查动物足迹和粪便形态特征,分析了内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区分布的食肉目动物种类。确认在该区域共有9种食肉目动物,依据动物遗留粪便样品的宽度和外部形态能够区分不同体型的捕食动物。以足迹是否有爪印鉴别猫科动物和其他种类。以足迹大小区分猞猁Lynx lynx和豹猫Felis bengalensis,以前足具有长爪印确定狗獾Meles meles,以前足第3、4指基部紧密联结区分貉Nyctereutes procyonoides与沙狐Vulpes corsac和赤狐Vulpes vulpes,以跳跃步幅区分香鼬Mustela altaica和艾鼬Mustela eversmanni。本研究为开展区域性食肉目动物监测提供了便于掌握和使用的野外调查方法。另外,通过核查标本确认本地区仅有狗獾,增加了香鼬在内蒙古的分布地。

This study aimed at quickly identifying species by foot tracks and fecal morphological characteristics of carnivores. The existing specimen was checked and the foot prints and scats were compared in the field of Saihanwula National Nature Reserve （ Inner Mongolia）. There were nine species of carnivore predators in the studied area which could be identified by scat widths and foot track morphologies. The felids and canines were distinguished by claw prints, while the badger （ Meles meles） was confirmed by long front claw print. Eurasian lynx （ Lynx lynx） and leopard cat （ Fells bengalensis） were identified by the size of foot tracts. Raccoon dog （Nyctereutes procyonoides ） was differentiated from corsac fox （ Vulpes corsac） and red fox （Vulpes vulpes ） by the base links in the third and fourth fingers. Mountain weasel （Mustela altaica） and steppe polecat （Mustela eversmanni） were noted based on jumping strides. These toot tracks and scats index set an easy and quick learning technique for staff members to identify and monitor carnivores in nature reserves. Moreover, this study found the specimen previously taken as hog badger （Arctonyx collaris ） was fault and corrected to Asian badger （Meles meles）. The recheck of mountain weasel extended its distribution in Inner Mongolia.