红耳龟与中华条颈龟争抢食物能力的对比研究

Comparisons on the Competitive Ability for Food between Trachemys scripta elegans and Mauremys sinensis

红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans是全球最危险的外来入侵物种之一,已在我国多个地区建立野外种群。为了研究红耳龟与本地种的竞争优势,本研究选择了与红耳龟在野外同域的本土中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis为竞争对象,设计了一对一、三对三和直接争抢食物的实验,以比较它们对食物的争抢能力。结果表明:一对一和三对三争抢实验中红耳龟取食颗粒多的频次和获得食物颗粒的总数均显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.01);争夺实验中红耳龟先触及食物的频次和最终得到食物的频次也极显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.01),但是两者在对等竞争中的获胜频次差异不显著(P>0.05)。另外,在争夺实验中由红耳龟先发起冲突的频次也显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.05)。综合表明,与中华条颈龟相比,红耳龟反应更敏捷、侵略性更强,取食效率更高且争抢食物的能力强,尽管在争夺实验的对等竞争中优势不明显。

The red-eared slider turtle （Trachemys scripta elegans） is a highly invasive species in worldwide, and several wild populations have been successfully established in China. To compare the competitive ability for food between T. s. elegans and Chinese strip-necked turtle （Mauremys sir^ensis ） whose habitat was similar to the red-eared slider turtle in the wild, we designed three competitive experiments including one to one, three to three and equal competition experiment. The results showed that the total amount and frequency of iood intake of T. s. elegans was significantly higher than M. sinensis in the experiments of ＂one to one ＂and ＂three to thine＂ （P 〈 0.01 ）. Additionally, the frequency of touching food firstly and getting food finally of T. s. elegans was also significantly higher than M. sinensis （ P 〈 0.01 ）. However, no significant difference was observed in the experiment of equal confrontation （P 〉 0.05）. Moreover, the aggressive behaviors were mainly started by red-eared sliders （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Therefore, we concluded that the performances of T. s. elegans were better than M. sinensis in reaction, aggression and competitive ability for food.