艾滋病定点治疗单位医务工作者的职业防护情况

Study on Occupational protection of medical staff in AIDS sentinel treatment units

目的了解艾滋病定点治疗单位医务工作者的职业防护情况,探讨对临床医务工作者进行艾滋病防护知识干预的有效方法,为艾滋病临床职业防护提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,分别对医务人员进行干预前、后艾滋病职业防护知识、行为、态度调查。结果干预前、后分别调查医务人员165人、152人。医师对艾滋病职业防护相关知识认识的知晓率为82.6%,护士的知晓率为60.5%;对较深层次的问题认识度不够,艾滋病病毒主要存在哪些液体中的知晓率为33.3%,"窗口期"知晓率为24.8%,职业暴露后需及时采用的防护措施知晓率为21.2%,干预前职业暴露概率为13.5%,介入防护知识培训干预后职业暴露概率为3.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强艾滋病职业防护知识的教育与培训,能够提高职业防护能力,保障医务人员的职业安全,预防艾滋病医院感染。

Objective To investigate occupational protection and intervention of knowledge of AIDS prevention among medical staff in AIDS sentinel treatment units, in order to provide a basis for the AIDS clinical occupational protection. Methods Self-designed questionnaires about the basic knowledge of occupational protection, behavior, and attitudes to HIV-related knowledge were investigated among 165 and 152 medical staff before and after the in- tervention. Results The awareness rate of doctors （82.6%） on the knowledge of AIDS-related occupational protec- tion was higher than that of nurses （60.5%）. Cognition of the underlying problems was weak. For example, 33.3 % of investigated medical staff knew the liquid in which HIV existed mainly, 24.8%knew ＂window period＂, and 21.2 % understood to take protective measures on time after occupational exposure . The probability of occupa- tional exposure before and after the intervention was 13.5% and 3.4 %, respectively, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion It is important to strengthen the education and training on occupational protec- tion on AIDS knowledge, it would be beneficial to improve ability of occupational protection, pay attention to the safe of the medical workers and prevent AIDS infection in hospital.