湿热环境中军人劳动耐受时限的研究

The study on the time limits about soldiers working in humid hot environments

目的 探索湿热环境下劳动战士的安全保障措施。方法 通过环境热强度 (湿黑球温度等 )与人体热紧张指标 (肛温、心率与出汗率 )的关系 ,规定不同热强度与不同劳动强度下为保障战士安全的时限。结果 湿热环境劳动的时间限值划分为生理安全上限与耐受极限两种。生理安全上限时间 :湿黑球温度 (WGT) 32℃时中度劳动 (MW ) <3h、重度劳动 (HW) 1h、停止极重度劳动 (EHW ) ;WGT 31℃时MW 3h、HW 1.5～ 2h、停止EHW ;WGT 30℃时MW 4h、HW 3h、EHW 1h ;WGT 2 9℃时MW不限制时间、HW 4h、EHW 1.5h ;WGT 2 8℃时HW不限制时间、EHW 2～ 4h ;WGT 2 7℃时EHW不限制时间。耐受极限时间 :WGT 32℃时MW 3h、HW 2h、停止EHW ;WGT 31℃时MW 4h、HW 3h、EHW 1h ;WGT 30℃时MW不限时间、HW 4h、EHW 2～ 3h ;WGT 2 9℃时HW不限制时间、EHW 4h ;WGT 2 8℃时EHW不限制时间。结论 本标准适用于陆军在热环境下劳动的安全保障 ,其他军兵种也可对照使用以预防中暑。

Objective To explore the measures for the safeguard of soldiers working in humid hot environments. Methods By way of the correlation between the environmental heat stress(as measured by wet globe temperature etc)and human heat strain levels(indicated hy rectal temperature,heart rate and sweat rate).The time limits to protect the soldiers in good health while working under hot environments were determined. Results The time limits working under hot environments were specified as the physiological safety limits(PSL) and the ultimate limits of endurance(ULE).The PSL of moderate work(MW),heavy work(HW) and extremely heavy work(EHW) at WGT 32 ℃ were <3 h,1 h and stopping work respectively;at WGT 31 ℃ 3 h,1.5～2 h and stopping work;at WGT 30 ℃ 4 h,3 h and 1 h;at WGT 29 ℃no time limit,4 h and 1.5 h;The PSL of HW and EHW at WGT 28 ℃ were no time limit and 2～4 h respectively;The PSL of EHW was no time limit at WGT 27 ℃.The ULE of MW,HW and EHW at WGT 32 ℃ were 3 h,2 h and stopping work respectively;at WGT 31 ℃ 4 h,3 h and 1 h respectively;at WGT 30 ℃ no time limit,4 h and 2～3 h;The ULE of HW and EHW at WGT 29 ℃ were no time limit and 4 h;The ULE of EHW at WGT 28 ℃ was no time limit. Conclusion This standard is suitable for use in army soldiers working under humid hot environments.Besides army,other armed services can also refer to this standard for preventing heat illness.