温州市城乡居民健康素养调查及影响因素分析

Survey on health literacy and it′s influence factors among urban and rural residents in Wenzhou

目的了解温州市城乡居民健康素养状况，分析影响健康素养的主要因素，为制定相应的健康素养干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，抽取鹿城、泰顺等8个城乡社区共880名15～69周岁居民进行健康素养问卷调查。结果调查对象总健康素养具备率为11．08％，其中城市居民为17．05％，农村居民为6．59％；健康基本知识与理念素养为18．50％，健康生活方式和行为素养为9．43％，健康技能素养为23．52％；健康科学观、传染病预防、慢性病预防、安全与急救、基本医疗5大类健康问题的素养具备率分别为28．30％、24．32％、16．93％、42．39％和25．68％。城乡居民素养具备率经χ^2检验，P〈0．01；地区、年龄、文化、婚姻、经济及是否医卫工作等是影响城乡居民健康素养的主要因素。结论以健康生活方式与行为素养和慢性病预防素养为重点内容，加强农村地区、老年人群、低教育程度人群以及低收入人群的健康素养干预。

Objective To understand the current status of health literacy among urban and rural residents in Wenzhou, and to analyze the influence factors. Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to randomly select residents from both rural and urban areas aged 15-69 years in 8 communities and counties. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Results Eight hundred and eighty residents were surveyed and only 11.08% had health literacy. Among them, 17.05% were from urban areas and 6.59% from rural areas. 18.50% residents surveyed had basic health knowledge and concept, 9.43% knew healthy life style and behavior, and 23.52% claimed they had healthy skill literacy. Meanwhile, there were 28.30%, 24.32%, 16.93%, 42.39% and 25.68% subjects who admitted of having scientific viewpoint of health, infectious disease prevention, chronic diseases prevention, security and first aid and basic medical care literacy. The difference of health literacy between urban and rural areas was significant. Dwelling place, age, education, mar riage, income were found to be factors influencing health literacy. Conclusions Health literacy intervention should be focused on improving healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy as well as chronic disease prevention literacy, especially among older residents from rural areas with low income and poor education.