产蛋鸡饲粮中不同油脂对蛋黄脂质含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

Effect of feeding different oils to laying hens on the lipid content and fatty acid composition in egg yolk

选用 6 0周龄白来航蛋鸡随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个组 ,研究产蛋鸡饲粮中脂肪酸饱和程度和双键位置不同的油脂对蛋黄脂质成分和脂肪酸组成的影响。分别在饲粮中添加 :6 2 %的富含亚油酸 (1 8∶ 2n 6 ,LA)的红花油 (Ⅰ组 ) ,6 2 %的富含α 亚麻酸 (1 8∶3n 3,ALA)的亚麻油 (Ⅱ组 ) ,3 1 %的亚麻油 +3 1 %的红花油 (Ⅲ组 ) ,3 1 %的亚麻油 + 3 1 %的富含二十碳五烯酸 (2 0∶5n 3,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸 (2 2∶6n - 3,DHA)的鱼油 (Ⅳ组 ) ,饲养 2 0天 ,于第 5 ,1 0 ,1 5 ,2 0天 ,测定各组鸡蛋蛋黄脂肪酸组成 ,第 2 0天测定蛋黄脂质成分的含量。结果表明 ,鸡采食量、产蛋率、蛋重、体重变化以及蛋黄中三酰甘油、游离胆固醇和磷脂等脂质成分含量各组间无显著差异。蛋黄中脂肪酸组成受饲粮油脂种类的影响 ,Ⅰ组鸡蛋黄中LA和花生四烯酸 (2 0∶4n 6 ,AA)增加 ,ALA、EPA、DHA等n 3长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (n 3PUFA)减少 ;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组鸡蛋黄中LA和AA减少 ,而ALA、EPA、DHA增加 ;Ⅳ组鸡蛋黄中EPA、DHA等n 3PUFA又显著高于单独添加亚麻油的Ⅱ组。添加油脂后第 1 0天 ,对鸡蛋黄中脂肪酸组成有明显的影响 ,至第 1 5天 ,达最大程度 ;蛋黄脂质脂肪酸组成能充分反映出所用油脂的特性 ,饲粮中添加富含n 3PUFA的油脂 。

week old white Leghorn laying hens were used to study the effect of feeding oils containing a lot of fatty acid with difference in number and position of double bond to laying hens on the lipid content and fatty acid composition of egg yolk.The hens were fed barley soybean meal diet with 6 2% safflower oil rich in linoleic acid (18∶2 n-6,LA),6 2% linseed oil rich in α linolenic acid(18∶3 n 3,ALA),3 1% linseed oil+3 1% safflower oil,or 3 1% linseed oil+3 1% fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid(20∶5 n 3,EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6 n 3,DHA)for 20 day trial.The results showed that feed consumption,egg production and egg weight were not affected during 20d feeding trial.No significant differences were found among treatments with regard to the concentration of triacylglycerol,free cholesterol and phospholipid in egg yolk.The fatty acid composition of lipids in egg yolk were affected by the profile of the dietary oils.The diet with safflower oil increased significantly the contents of LA and arachidonic acid (20∶4 n 6,AA),and decreased the content of n 3PUFA,such as ALA,EPA and DHA.The diets with linseed oil and mixture of linseed oil plus safflower oil decreased the contents of LA and AA,and increased the contents of ALA,EPA and DHA.Diet with the mixture of linseed oil plus fish oil increased significantly n 3PUFA,such as EPA and DHA,compared with the diet with only linseed oil.Fatty acid composition of lipids in egg yolk were apparently affected by dietary oils 10 days after feeding and to greatest extent 15 days after feeding.Fatty acid composition of lipids in egg yolk can fully reflect the profile character of the dietary oil.Oils rich in n 3 PUFA including ALA and DHA can be recommended as an ingredient of diet for hens in order to produce the egg rich in n 3PUFA.