稻虫生态管理

ECOLOGICAL PEST MANAGEMENT IN PADDY FIELDS

害虫综合治理 (IPM)理论上的局限性使IPM的实施仍以有毒农药的使用为主要手段 ,结果合成农药销量有增无减 ,导致环境质量继续恶化 ,传统的植物保护对化学农药的依赖性越来越高。害虫生态管理 (EPM)已成为IPM的发展方向 ,它按照生态学、经济学和环境保护学的原理、原则和方法 ,在不断搜集有关信息、随时对系统进行监测与预测的基础上 ,以系统失衡时的虫口密度为阀值 ,采取自然控制与人工调节相结合的防治策略 ,维持生态系统的长期稳定性和提高系统本身的自我调控能力。随着耕作制度的改变、品种的更换、栽培技术的改进 ,稻田害虫群落也在发生相应的演变。因此 ,稻田害虫的管理对策要以作物为中心 ,以当地的主要害虫为对象 ,充分发挥天敌、品种、生境等自然因素对害虫的控制作用 ,开发关键技术 。

Due to the limitations of integrated pest management(IPM) in theory,application of toxic chemicals has remained the primary means in IPM practice.As a result,the trade of synthetic chemicals is thriving,the environment quality is worsening and the traditional plant protection is increasingly dependent on chemical pesticides.Ecological pest menagement (EPM),which is now believed to represent the correct direction in the development of IPM research,helps to maintain long-term stability in the eco-system and improve its self-control ability.It makes use of the principles and methods in ecology,economics and environment protection science.Based on constant monitoring and prediction of pest,predator and parasite population density in a special system of collection and processing of information,control decision(with natural control combined with cultivation management and artificial regulation)is made according to the threshold where the pest is slipping away from the control by its natural enemies.With improvement in cultivation systems and techniques in rice production and change in cultivated strains,the pest population and community in the paddy fields will change accordingly.Therefore,in the formation of counter-measures for pest management for paddy fields,rice strains should be taken as the key link and full use should be made of the controlling effect of the natrural enemies,resistant crop strains and living surroundings over the local dominant pests so as to successfully develop the key control techniques and form the regional EPM models.