鹤山赤红壤坡地幼龄果园间作牧草的水土保持效应

Effect of the soil and water conservation on intercroping grasses and forages in a young fruit garden of crimson soil slopeland in Heshan

野外观测试验于 1997年在广东省鹤山市四季园农场的赤红壤坡地上进行。试验设计了幼龄果园间作番薯 ( A) ;幼龄果园间作花生 ( B) ;幼龄龙眼树间野生牧草 ( C) ;梯田地表裸露( CK)为对照 4个处理 ,采用自制的径流收集器分别测定了各处理 4场降雨的径流深度、径流系数、水土流失量和侵蚀量等指标。结果表明 ,CK的平均径流深度为 3.4 5mm/ 10 mm,降水流失率为 34 .5% ,平均每 10 mm降雨的土壤侵蚀量为 2 94 .0 3kg/ hm2 ,年土壤侵蚀模数为50 .78t/ ( hm2 ·年 ) ;A、B、C 3个间作不同作物处理的平均地表径流量分别比裸地对照降低4 3.82 %、36.4 5%和 4 7.4 7% ,平均土壤侵蚀量分别比对照减少 94 .4 1%、64.32 %和 73.4 6% ;幼龄果园间作番薯 ( A)处理的保土效果最佳 ,幼龄龙眼树间野生牧草 ( C)处理的保水效果最好。

A field experiment was conducted in the crimson soil slope land of the Si ji yuan farm, Heshan city, Guangdong province in 1997. There were four treatments of intercroping sweet potato(A), peanut (B), longan with wild grasses (C) and barren on contour terrace(CK) in a young fruit garden of hillsild. The runoff depth, runoff index, water loss, soil erosion and soil organic matter erosion to the 4 treatments during 4 rainfalls were determined using the Runoff collector. It was found that, the average runoff depth was 3.45 mm per 10 mm, the water loss index was 34.5%, the average soil erosion for 10 mm rainfall was 294.03 kg/hm 2 , and the soil erosion modulus was 50.78 t/(hm 2·year) to the control treatment(CK), these values are all high in the 4 treatments. The average surface runoff of A, B or C treatment, the 3 intercroping different crops, were 43.82% , 36.45% and 47.47% lower than the control treatment respectively, and the average soil erosion were lower 94.41%, 64.32% and 73.46% respectively. The most effective pattern for soil conservation was the intercroping sweet potato treatment (A), and the best water conservation pattern was the treatment of longan with wild grasses (C) in this experiment.