将荆州黑麦种质导入栽培小麦的研究(Ⅰ)

Transfer of germplasm from Secale cereale cv Jingzhouheimai into cultivated wheat

为挖掘和利用荆州黑麦中的抗性基因 ,选用感病对照品种辉县红小麦与荆州黑麦进行了杂交。结果表明 :辉县红与荆州黑麦有较好的可交配性 ,杂交结实率为 6 3 5 % ;染色体配对分析表明杂种F1平均交叉结数为 1 92 ,其染色体构型为 2 4 42Ⅰ + 1 6 1+ 0 11○Ⅱ + 0 0 5Ⅲ ;C 分带和FISH (荧光原位亲交 )分析表明 ,87 7%的二价体和三价体发生在小麦种内 ,10 8%发生在小麦与黑麦之间 ,而仅有 1 5 %发生在黑麦染色体之间 ;杂种F1在开放授粉条件下结实率为 0 3粒 /穗 ;杂种F2 种子根尖染色体数变幅为 42～ 5 1条 ,其中黑麦染色体变幅为 4～ 9条。通过秋水仙碱加倍获得了两类辉县红 荆州黑麦双二倍体荆辉 1号和荆辉 2号 ,其染色体数均为 2n =5 4,含 7对黑麦染色体 ,但荆辉 1号的 1R染色体发生了明显变化。两种双二倍体均能自交结实 ,并高抗小麦白粉病。

To exploit and utilize disease resistance genes of Secale cereale a susceptible cultivated wheat variety Huixianhong with desirable agronomic traits was crossed with the rye cultivar cv Jingzhouheimai.The results revealed high crossability with a seed set of 63 5%.The meiotic analysis indicated that hybrid F 1 expressed high pairing ability between homoeologous chromosomes than that expected.The mean chismata was 1 92 with an average chromosome configuration 24 42Ⅰ+1 61[TPP1,+3mm。2.4mm(,33)]+0 11○Ⅱ+0 05Ⅲ;based on the C banding pattern and FISH signals,chromosome pairing occurred mostly within wheat genomes taking 87 7% of the total bivents and trivalents,10 8% occurred between wheat and rye,and only 1 5% within rye chromosomes;the hybrid F 1 showed some seed set of 0 3 grains per spike under open pollination.C banded karyotype illustrated that the chromosome number of the hybrid F 2 ranged from 42 to 51 with the rye chromosomes varied from 4?9 indicating that the F 2 generation from the fertile wheat×rye F 1 should be good basis for the development of alien addition or substitution lines;the amphiploid was obtained by means of colchicine treatment.The C banding indicated that structural rearrangement had occurred in rye chromosome 1R of amphiploid Jinghui 1,but not in Jinghui 2. Both Jinghui 1 and Jinghui 2 were highly resistant to powdery mildew,and showed chromosome numbers of 2n=54 with 14R chromosomes missing two unknown chromosomes.