夏目漱石“则天去私”理念及其时代性阐释——以小说《明暗》为中心的考察

Natume Souseki's Idea of “Sokutenkyoshi” And Its Historical Interpretation

夏目漱石"则天去私"的理念包含艺术方法论及人生观的双重含义,且较为集中地蕴含于小说《明暗》中。该小说通过"则天去私"与"自我"的对立体系,呈现作者对待新旧文化的立场差异。利用人物不同气质的对比效应,彰显作者对立足现实而又超脱现实的自然人生观的崇尚态度。"则天去私"既包含禅学意境,又流露出对西洋近代文化思想的距离感。该理念与漱石所处的时代思想密不可分,与"明治精神"相关联,并非意味着完全脱离世间的禅学意境,而是包含时代性因素,属于立足于现实而又超脱世俗的"自然"意境。

Natume Souseki＇s novel Meian embodies the idea of ＂Sokutenkyoshi＂. This word is coined by Souseki, which reflects the aesthetic methodology and the outlook on life. Through the relation of ＂Sokutenkyoshi＂ and ＂self＂, the novel not only implicates ＂Sokutenkyoshi＂, but also reflects the difference of the author＇s standpoint between the old and the new culture. Using the contrastive effect of the temperament of different people, the novel shows the difference between ＂technical＂ and ＂natural＂, the author＇s attitude of integration into nature, the outlook on life, the Zenism of ＂Sokutenkyoshi＂ and the attitude of sticking to the traditional culture. This conservative attitude is related to the particular his- torical background and ＂the spirit of Meiji＂.