对莱布尼茨因果律的解读

Interpretation of Leibniz's Law of Causation

因果律作为十七世纪重要的哲学主题,主要形成了自然主义哲学和偶因论两大主流因果论流派。针对莱布尼茨提出的同步主义因果律,学界则出现了"两因平行"和"两因垂直"两种解读方式。本文认为根据莱布尼茨的实体观,两个因果律的关系同理,且与多样性与同一性一样是统一于单子的。单子以连续性的形式按照自身不断展开于前定和谐的宇宙是莱布尼茨因果律的合法性基础。

Around the law of causation, an important philosophical topic in the 17th century, there arose two main theories: the physical influx or Mere Conservationism and Occasionalism. So far two viewpoints of 'two reasons being parallel' and 'two reasons being vertical' have formed to explain Leibniz's Concurrences causation theory. According to the substance theory of Leibniz, the sufficient causation and the final causation are both integrated in the monad, just like diversity and identity. Monad develops itself by the principle of continuity in the universe of pre-established harmony, which is the basis of legitimacy of Leibniz's law of causation.