《守圉全书》与明末西方传华铳台技术

Shou Yu Quan Shu and the Fort Technology Spreading from the West to China in the Late Ming Dynasty

《守圉全书》是明末一部非常重要,但流传不广的火器技术专著,其中节录了大量已经亡佚的关于火器技术的论述,并全面地介绍了西方铳台技术的内容和明末军事技术家对中外铳台技术的比较和认识。西方铳台胜出中国传统铳台的最核心要点即其为三角形制,相对于中国传统的四角形马面敌台,减少了射击死角和受攻击的面数,并加强了互为犄角式的增援。《守圉全书》对西方铳台技术的描述,也体现在徐光启、孙元化等人的论述中,说明其在明末士大夫群体中得到了认可和重视,但是最终并没能够推广开来,以配合红夷大炮的作战,只在韩霖的家乡小城堡中得到了验证,这是非常遗憾的。

Shou Yu Quan Shu is a very important but not widespread monograph on firearm technology in the late Ming dynasty. It excerpts lots of lost expositions of the technology, and comprehensively introduces Western fort technology and military experts' comparison and understanding of it home and abroad in the late Ming dynasty. Due to its detailed introduction about Western fort technology, it is equally important with Xi Fa Shen Ji and Huo Gong Qie Yao. The triangular system is the key point to explain why Western fort technology is better than ours. Compared with the traditional Chinese quadrangular fort, the Western fort reduces dead angles and areas being attacked, and strengthens the reinforcement which is in the shape of a horn. The description of Western fort technology in Shou Yu Quan Shu also appeared in the expositions of Xu Guangqi, Sun Yuanhua and so on. This suggests that Western fort technology won the recognition and attention of scholars in the late Ming dynasty. Unfortunately, it wasn't popularized and used with Western cannons on the battlefield. Instead, it was only verified in a small castle of Han Lin's hometown, to our regret.