铁道车辆电气装置50年的回顾与展望

Review and Prospects of the Railway Electrical Equipment in the Recent 50 Years

50年来,电气装置作为铁道车辆的关键系统和技术,在满足乘客旅行安全舒适性的同时,自身也得到了长足的进步和发展。电气控制实现了从继电器控制到PLC控制以及高度智能化、信息化的飞跃;电源技术经历了轴驱供电、发电车供电、机车供电的发展历程,首创了安全可靠的高原客车和高原发电车供电系统和技术;电压制式经历了DC24V、DC 48V、DC 110V、AC 380V、DC 600V,直到交流传动动力分散型动车组采用的AC 25kV;电气设备从基本的照明、摇头电风扇到空调机组、电开水炉、压力保护设施等车内外设施,实现了节能环保,提升了舒适安全性。文章主要阐述了铁道车辆电气装置的组成、原理、发展历程与展望,包括轴驱发电机供电、柴油发电机组供电、机车直供电、动车组辅助供电等。

In the recent 50years,as a key system and technique for rolling stock,the electrical equipment has obtained great progress and development while meeting the travel safety and comfortability of passengers.The electrical control has been developed from relay control to PLC control and realized leaps in high intelligence and information;The power supply has gone through the development history of axle-driven power supply,generator power supply and locomotive power supply,and the safe and reliable power supply systems and technologies for highland passenger cars and highland generator cars;The voltage type has gone through DC 24V,DC 48V,DC 110V,AC 380V,DC 600V,till the AC 25kV for the AC driven multiple units with separated powers;The electrical equipment has developed from the fundamental lighting,oscillating fan to such facilities inside and outside cars as air-conditioning sets,electric boilers and pressure protection device.The energy saving and environment protection are realized. The comfortability and safety are improved.In this paper,the composition,principles,development history and prospects of the electrical equipment on rolling stock are mainly expounded,including the axledriven generator power supply,diesel generator sets power supply,direct power supply for locomotives and auxiliary power supply for multiple units.