石家庄市地表水源保护区景观格局演变与水环境效应研究

Landscape Distribution Evolution and Its Hydrological Effects on the Surface Water Resource Protection Zone of Shijiazhuang City

景观格局的生态环境效应是景观生态学的热点问题。以石家庄市地表水源保护区为研究对象,对2000年的TM影像和2010年的HJ-1遥感影像进行土地利用分类;以景观生态学为理论指导,在FRAGSTATS软件上选取CA,PD,NP,PLAND,SHDI,SHEI等景观格局指数,对研究区的景观格局时空变化特征进行了定量研究。景观格局演变与水文效应的相关性方面,以8个常规监测点为中心生成缓冲区,借助FRAGSTATS软件计算缓冲区的景观格局指数变化,并与径流量、高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷指标的变化做相关性分析。结果表明:(1)研究区的林地、建设用地斑块面积显著增加,低矮灌木及草地、水域、耕地、未利用地斑块面积减少。景观破碎化程度减弱,多样性增加,优势度上升,连通性增强。(2)研究区10年来水质变化不大,水质情况依然不容乐观,总氮、总磷和化学需氧量严重超标。(3)河流径流量或者集水区水量的变化与该区域的景观格局变化有着显著的相关性,景观格局变化影响着水量的变化。(4)建设用地面积所占比例、密度和分维度与总氮指标呈显著正相关性,与水域呈负相关。高锰酸盐指数与耕地面积所占比例呈显著负相关,与建设用地面积所占比例呈显著正相关。生化需氧量与耕地密度呈显著正相关。耕地密度与生化需氧量、化学需氧量呈正相关。

The eco-environmental effect of the landscape distribution is a hot issue in landscape ecology. Based on a study of surface water resource protection zone of Shijiazhuang City, with theoretical guidance of the landscape ecology,the study classified TM images in 2000 and 2010 HJ-1 remote sensing images on/and use. By selecting CA, PD, NP, PLAND, SHDI, SHEI as the landscape pattern index by FRAGSTATS software, the study made a quantitative analysis of the landscape distribution in the study area with its temporal and spatial varying characteristics. Generate buffer of eight regular monitoring points in the research landscape distribution evolution and hydrological effects of correlation, with the FRAGSTATS software calculating the buffer landscape pattern index changes. Then the study analysed the correlation with runoff, CODMn, BOD, COD, TN, TP changes. The results show that： Firstly, in the study area, the forest land and the construction land areas are significantly increased. Low shrub and grass, water, farmland, unused land areas are decreased. Landscape fragmentation degree is aba- ted, diversity is increased, superiority level is increased, connectivity is enhanced. Secondly, for the past decade, the water quality changed little, the water quality is still not satisfactory, with TN, TP and COD severely exceed the normal standard. Thirdly, The fiver flows or watershed water changes and the regional landscape distribution chan- ges have significant correlation, landscape distribution changes affect changes in water quality. Fourthly, construc- tion land area proportion, density and fractal dimension show significant positive correlation with TN and negative correlation with water. CODMn and farmland ratio show significant negative correlation, and construction land area ratio show positive correlation. BOD and farmland density had significant positive correlation. Farmland density and COD, BOD show positive correlation. In addition, from the view of the landscape types, SHDI and BOD showed significant positive correlation, it usually shows significant correlation with the decline of surface water quality indi- cators.