植物单宁在反刍动物营养和健康养殖作用中的研究进展

Effects of Plant Tannin on the Nutrition and Healthy Production of Ruminant:A Review

植物单宁是植物以碳为基础的酚类次生代谢产物,普遍分布在热带和温带植物体中,不同植物其单宁含量存在较大变异,其浓度范围分布为0.5~349 g·kg^(-1)。单宁合成过程复杂多变,参与植物生长发育的生物和非生物因子都可能影响单宁最终的累积量。单宁类植物差异性的营养含量和化学结构在调控反刍动物营养代谢和健康养殖中起着重要作用,适量的缩合单宁在反刍动物瘤胃内通过结合植物蛋白质,提高植物蛋白利用效率。同时在反刍动物后消化道内,单宁和瘤胃结合蛋白解离过程起到增加过瘤胃蛋白保护作用,抑制膨胀病和寄生虫的发生。单宁在动物体内的代谢同样影响反刍动物毛生长率和产毛量,排卵率和产奶量等生产和繁殖性能。本文整合论述了植物单宁在动物营养和健康养殖中的作用,了解和掌握植物单宁的含量和性质能更好地为畜牧业发展服务,实现反刍动物最优的生产性状和表现。

Plant tannins, a group of phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants, are widely distributed in plant kingdom through tropical and temperate zone. The contents of tannins differ greatly among different plant species with range from 0.5 to 349 g · kg 1 DM. Due to the complex synthe- sis of tannin, all of biotic and abiotic factors involved in plant growth and development may influence the ultimate accumulation of tannin. Unique nutrient content and chemical structure of tannin play an impor tant role in manipulating the nutrition metabolism and healthy production of ruminant. Positive or negative effects of condensed tannin in the rumen of ruminant are depended on the concentration and reactivity of tannin. The appreciable quantities of condensed tannins in plant combining with plant rubisco （protein） are associated with improving the efficiency of protein utilization, increasing rumen undegradable protein, re- sisting both bloating and parasite disease occurrence. Plant tannins also affect the wool growth rate and yield, ovulation rate, milk production as well as reproduction efficiency of ruminant animal. The interac- tions of plant tannins and the nutrition and healthy production of ruminant are elucidated in this review.