苜蓿和无芒雀麦混播草地种间竞争研究

Interspecific Competition of Mixed Grassland of Bromegrass(Bromus inermis L.) and Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)

为解决东北绥化地区冬春饲料不足,拓宽饲草料来源,以紫花苜蓿(Medicago satirva L.)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis L.)2种牧草5个豆禾混播比例建立混播草地,在4个生育期测定牧草高度、牧草产量、相对产量及相对产量总和,比较其混播牧草产量和组分等生产性能,探索高产优质混播草地建植与持续管理的调控机制。结果表明:5个混播组合和2个单播的产草量高低依次为AB_5>B>AB_4=AB_3>A>AB_1>AB_2,其中AB_5(无芒雀麦20%+苜蓿80%)混播组合产草量分别是单播苜蓿产量的1.28倍,是单播无芒雀麦的1.05倍,增产效果明显,体现了混播草地的生产力优势。通过混播草地种间竞争力变化的综合比较,AB_5组合在抽穗/开花期刈割时获得干产草量为12933.75 kg·hm^(-2),在本研究区建立高产优质多年生混播人工草地较为理想。

In order to solve the lack of forage source in Northeast area, the mixed grasslands of two spe- cies, bromegrass （Bromus inerrnis L. ） and alfalfa （Medicago sativa L. ） with five different proportions in this experiment were established in 2008. The community biomass, interspecific competitiveness of mixed grassland （bromegrass and alfalfa） in Suihua region were dynamically studied from 2009 to 2011. Results showed that the hay yields of treatments were ordered as AB5〉B〉AB4 =AB3〉A〉AB1 〉AB2. The hay yield of mixed grassland was 1.28 times of alfalfa yield and 1.05 times of bromegrass yield, respectively. ABs treatment significantly increased hay yield compared with other treatments. The hay yield of AB5 （80% alfalfa and 20% bromegrass） was 12933.75 kg · hm-2. Therefore, AB5 treatment achieved the bet- ter quality of perennial mixed artificial grassland and embodied the productivity advantages of the mixed grassland.