摘要
目的 了解学龄期儿童孤独障碍共患病的发生情况.方法 采用横断面研究,对2011年9-11月在北京大学精神卫生研究所儿科门诊连续就诊的62例年龄6~16周岁、符合《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)中孤独障碍诊断标准的儿童进行调查和评定.内容包括:一般状况调查及《学龄儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症问卷》(K-SADS-PL)、《儿童总评评定问卷》(C-GAS)、《儿童孤独症评定量表》(CARS)、《中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表》(WISC)的评定(不能进行韦氏测查者进行瑞文标准推理测验、比奈测验或图词测验评定).结果 孤独障碍患儿共患病的终生共患率为100% (62/62),其中:7例(11.3%)患有1种共患病,16例(25.8%)患有2种共患病,11例(17.7%)患有3种共患病,28例(45.2%)患有4种或4种以上共患病.98.4%(61/62)目前存在共患病,其中:11例(17.7%)患有1种共患病,16例(25.8%)患有2种共患病,17例(27.4%)患有3种共患病,17例(27.4%)患有4种或4种以上共患病.各种共患病的终生患病率和现患率分别为:精神发育迟滞53.2%(33/62)、53.2%(33/62);未特定的精神病性障碍22.6% (14/62)、21.0%(13/62);情感障碍中抑郁障碍12.9%(8/62)、9.7%(6/62),双相障碍1.6%(1/62)、1.6% (1/62);焦虑障碍中广泛性焦虑障碍21.0% (13/62)、19.4% (12/62),分离焦虑障碍6.5% (4/62)、3.2%(2/62),惊恐障碍3.2%(2/62)、0(0/62),强迫障碍45.2% (28/62)、45.2% (28/62),恐怖症30.6%(19/62)、29.0% (18/62);注意缺陷多动障碍62.9%(39/62)、58.1%(36/62),对立违抗障碍12.9%(8/62)、11.3% (7/62),品行障碍4.8% (3/62)、4.8% (3/62);抽动障碍14.5% (9/62)、11.3%(7/62);遗尿症16.1%(10/62)、4.8% (3/62),遗粪症9.7%(6/62)、1.6%(1/62).孤独症患儿现患共患病的数目随年龄增长有增多趋势(F =2.745,P=0.051).结论 共患病在学龄期儿童孤独障碍患者中非常常见,积极治疗共患病具有重要意义.
Objective To investigate the occurrence of comorbidity in school-aged children with autism disorder.Methods Sixty-two outpatients in Peking University Institute of Mental Health,aged 6 to 16 years old,meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) criteria for autism were included in this cross-sectional study from September 2011 to November 2011.They were assessed with the self-made general condition questionnaire,Kiddie-Sade-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL),Child-Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS),Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS),Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(WISC) (Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM),Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and Peabody picture vocabulary test (PPVT) were performed for patients who could not perform WISC test).Results The lifetime prevalence of comorbidity was 100% (62/62),in which 7 (11.3%) with 1 comorbidity,16 (25.8%) with 2 comorbidities,11 (17.7%) with 3 comorbidities,and 28 (45.2%) with 4 or more comorbidities.There were 61 (98.4%) children with current comorbidities,11 (17.7%) with 1 comorbidity,16 (25.8%) with 2 comorbidities,17 (27.4%) with 3 comorbidities,17 (27.4%) with 4 or more comorbidities.The lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of comorbidities were:mental retardation 53.2% (33/62) and 53.2% (33/62),psychotic disorder not otherwise specified 22.6% (14/62) and 21.0% (13/62),depression disorder 12.9% (8/62) and 9.7% (6/62),bipolar disorder 1.6% (1/62) and 1.6% (1/62),generalized anxiety disorder 21.0% (13/62)and 19.4% (12/62),separation anxiety disorder 6.5 % (4/62)and 3.2% (2/62),panic disorder 3.2% (2/62) and 0 (0/62),obsessive-compulsive disorder 45.2% (28/62) and 45.2% (28/62),phobia 30.6% (19/62)and 29.0% (18/62),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 62.9% (39/62) and 58.1% (36/62),inattentive type12.9% (8/62) and 11.3% (7/62),hyperactive/impulsive type 21.0% (13/62) and 17.7 % (11/62),combined type 29.0% (18/62) and 29.0% (18/62),oppositional defiant disorder 12.9% (8/62) and 11.3% (7/62),conduct disorder 4.8% (3/62) and 4.8% (3/62),Tic disorder 14.5% (9/62) and 11.3% (7/62),enuresis 16.1% (10/62)and 4.8% (3/62),encopresis 9.7% (6/62) and 1.6% (1/62).A increasing trend of number of current comorbidity with the increasing of age were found in children with autism (F =2.745,P =0.051).Conclusion Comorbidities in school-aged children with autism disorder are very common.It is very important to pay attention to comorbidity of autism disorder.
出处
《中华精神科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期142-146,共5页
Chinese Journal of Psychiatry
基金
国家自然科学基金(81271508)
首都临床特色应用研究(Z121107001012036)
关键词
儿童
孤独性障碍
共病现象
横断面研究
Child
Autistic disorder
Comorbidity
Cross-sectional studies