理性正义的普遍主义方法论批判

The Criticism of Universalism Methodology of Rational Justice Theory

普遍主义是西方哲学追寻本体世界的一种方法论。近代理性正义论具有鲜明的普遍主义方法论特征:从本体论的视角看,理性正义论是一种形而上学的先验主义;从思维方式的视角看,理性正义论承认存在一种永恒的、绝对的、普遍支配世界的正义法则;从人性论的视角看,理性正义论把一种适合每个人的自我保存性看作正义的根基;从价值观的视角看,理性正义论把个人及其权利看作一切社会价值的来源与标准。普遍主义方法论特征表明理性正义论建立在一种抽象的哲学基础之上,实质上维护着"市民社会"中孤立个人的利己主义利益。马克思主义指出,正义是具体的、历史的、现实的,实现"真实的正义"必须超越资本主义制度。

Universalism is western philosophy for the world body methodology. Modem rational justice theory has distinct characteris-tics： universalism methodology from the perspective of ontology, rational justice theory is a kind of metaphysics transcendentalism, From the perspective of the thinking mode, the rational justice theory admits an eternal, absolutely, general rules governing the world of justice, From the perspective of the theory, rational justice theory to a suitable for everyone＇s self preservation sex as a foundation of justice, From the perspective of the values of the individual, rational justice and the rights of all social value as the source and stand-ard. Common methodology characteristics that rational justice theory based on a kind of abstract philosophical basis, in other schools under the criticism will toward differentiation and decline.