低强度激光和有氧运动对大鼠围绝经期骨结构和骨代谢的影响

Effects of low-level laser and aerobic exercise on the bone structure and bone metabolism of rats during perimenopause

探讨低强度激光治疗联合有氧运动对围绝经期大鼠骨结构和骨代谢的影响,为骨质疏松症的防治提供参考。建立自然增龄围绝经期大鼠模型,成功造模大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,即对照组、单纯运动组、激光治疗组、运动+激光组。运动方案采用下坡跑台运动,隔天训练(-5°,15 m/min,30 min)。以810 nm半导体激光,隔天照射大鼠股骨颈前、后、内侧、外侧4个照射点,每点30 s(50 mW,11.94 J/cm2)。8周后,检测大鼠雌激素、骨密度(BMD)、骨结构、骨生物力学性能和骨代谢相关指标。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,施加干预的3组围绝经期大鼠的股骨和全身BMD均提高,运动对增加局部(股骨)骨密度效果明显,而运动+激光治疗对于全身BMD改善显著;2)有氧运动、低强度激光治疗可增加骨小梁数目,改善其结构,运动+激光效果更佳。运动+激光组骨生物力学性能显著改善;3)运动和低强度激光治疗均可提高大鼠血清E2含量及改善骨代谢平衡,其中运动干预效果较好。低强度激光照射相对于跑步运动,其对围绝经期机体全身骨矿含量的影响更明显。低强度激光照射可作为中老年女性骨质疏松的有效干预措施之一。运动联合低强度激光治疗对局部和全身的骨结构均有良好的作用。

In order to probe into the effects of low-level laser therapy coupled with aerobic exercise on the bone structure and bone metabolism of perimenopausal rats, so as to provide a reference for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, the authors established a model of perimenopausal rats resulting from natural aging （14 months later, successful model establishment was verified via vaginal cytological observation and the E2 content in their serum）, divided model successfully established rats randomly into 4 groups, namely, a control group, a pure exercise group, a laser therapy group and an exercise＋laser group, each of which contained 6 rats, let the rats exercise on a downslope treadmill every other day （-5°, 15 m/min, 30 min）, irradiated 810 nm semiconductor laser beams upon such 4 irradiation spots as the front, real inner side and outer side of the femoral neck of the rats for 30 seconds per spot every other day （50 mW, 11.94 J/cm^2）, measured the estrogen, bone mineral density （BMD）, bone structure, bone biomechanical properties and bone metabolism related indexes of the rats 8 weeks later, and revealed the fol-lowing findings： 1） comparing the perimenopausal rats in the 3 intervention implemented groups with the rats in the control group, both femoral and general BMDs increased; exercise had a significant effect on increasing local （femoral） BMD, while exercise＋laser therapy improved general BMD significantly; 2） aerobic exercise or low-level laser therapy can increase the number of bone trabeculas and improve their structure; exercise ＋ laser can achieve an even better effect; the biomechanical properties of the rats in the exercise＋laser group improved significantly; 3） both exercise and low-level laser therapy can increase the E2 content in the rats＇ serum and improve their bone metabolic balance, in which exercise intervention had a better effect. As compared with running, low-level laser ir-radiation has a more significant effect on the general BMD of a perimenopausal body. Low-level laser irradiation can be used as one of effective measures for intervening osteoporosis suffered by middle-aged and old women. Ex-ercise coupled with low-level laser therapy works well on both local and general bone structures.