铁皮石斛无土栽培基质的研制与优化

Study on Optimization and Selection of Soilless Culture Substrate for Dendrobium

为筛选铁皮石斛组培苗的无土栽培基质,在温室内采用细锯末、苔藓、蛭石、松树皮配制成10种不同的栽培基质,栽培60 d后统计成活率;120 d后测定铁皮石斛苗在各基质中的生长指标。结果表明:铁皮石斛组培苗在细锯末:松树皮:苔藓=2:4:4的基质中成活率最高,移栽60 d时成活率达93.30%,植株高度达2.85 cm;移栽120 d后试管苗在细锯末:松树皮:苔藓=2:4:4的基质中平均株高12.49 cm、发根数量为8条、最长根系为3.49 cm,平均茎粗为0.93 cm、平均萌芽数为3个,且叶色浓绿、生长健壮,总体情况显著优于其他基质配比,为当地铁皮石斛组培苗栽培松树皮、锯末等废弃物的利用提供参考。

In order to select and optimize the soilless culture substrate for Dendrobium tissue culture seedling, 10 different matrixes were made up by using fine Yunnan pine bark, sawdust, moss, vermiculite. The survival rates of seedlings planted in every matrix were calculated after 60 d, and the growth indices were determined after 120 d. Results showed that the tissue culture seedling in the matrix which consists of fine sawdust, pine bark, moss （2：4：4） had the highest survival rate （93.30%） and plant height of 2.85 cm. After 120 d the average plant height, root number, longest root, average stem diameter and shoot number of seedlings in the same matrix were 12.49 cm, 8, 3.49 cm, 0.93 cm and 3, respectively. The overall growth and development of seeding was significantly better than that planted in other substrates. The results provide a reference for the application of the waste such as cultivated pine bark and sawdust etc.