考虑V2G模式的含多个电动汽车充电站有源配电网规划研究

Study of the Active Distribution Network Planning Considering Multiple Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Participating in V2G Applications

规模化电动汽车充电将对电网产生一定的影响,因此在电网规划时需要考虑电动汽车的影响。按照电动汽车功率需求的统计模型确定待规划区域充电站容量,运用综合了层次分析法和离差最大化方法的组合赋权方法,确定备选充电站站址权系数,并以1与权系数之差作为充电站成本系数。考虑电动汽车接入电网(vehicle-to-grid,V2G)技术作用,建立合理的电价机制,引导电动汽车用户在负荷高峰期合理有序地充放电。对充电站作为电源和负荷运行分别定义相应的运行权系数,用于计算配网综合运行成本。采用配电网中变电站、馈线及电动汽车充电站的年投资费用、年维护折旧费用、综合年运行费用以及贷款利息等额年金之和(年费用)最小为目标函数的配电网规划优化模型,应用序优化算法求最优解。通过IEEE 54节点算例验证了该模型的有效性。

Since large-scale electric vehicles （EVs） charging would have a significant impact on power grid, it should be taken into consideration in the process of the distribution networks planning. This paper used the statistical model of the charging power demand to determine the capacity of the EV charging stations in the regions to be planned, then applied the combination weighing method including the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and deviation maximization to determine the weight coefficients of candidate addresses. The difference between 1 and the weight coefficient was treated as the cost coefficient of charging station. Considering the impact of vehicle-to-grid （V2G）, the reasonable electricity price volatility was utilized to guide the EV users rational and orderly charging or discharging in the peak-load periods. The corresponding operating weight coefficient when the EV charging stations operating as load and power source were defined to calculate the integrated operational cost of the distribution network. The objective function of distribution network planning optimal model was the minimum total cost comprising the fixed investments, the maintenance costs and the operational costs of the substations, charging stations and feeders, and besides the interest of annuity loan and the optimal model was solved by the ordered optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the results of the case study of IEEE 54-node model verified the effectiveness of the proposed model.