干旱新疆区不同灌溉模式灌溉定额及变化研究

Irrigation Quota and Its Changes of Different Irrigation Modes in Arid Xinjiang Region

采用1998年新修正彭曼-蒙特斯(P-M)方法计算作物蒸散量ET0,以不同作物系数KC分析作物需水量ETC,基于普通克里格法、灌溉试验、灌区调查与典型灌水试验综合技术进行区域插值和比较分析农业灌溉定额,研究表明,新疆常规沟畦灌、膜上灌、喷灌、微灌4种灌溉模式,正常年份(P=50%)灌溉定额分别为5 100、4 350、3 820和3 600m3/hm2;干旱年份(P=75%)灌溉定额分别为5 625、4 800、4 200和3 975m3/hm2。4种灌溉模式按面积加权综合灌溉定额(P=50%)为4 515m3/hm2;P=75%为4980m3/hm2。应用柯布-道格拉斯函数研究综合灌溉定额变化,结果表明,高效节水灌溉发展对综合灌溉定额下降贡献效应明显,常规灌溉是综合灌溉定额增加的主因。研究成果为干旱新疆农业水资源总量控制定额管理提供了技术依据。

The Penman-Jared Montz （P-M） method new amended ferent crop coefficients Kc were used to analyze the ETc value. in 1998 year was adopted to calculate the ETo value of crop and dif- Based on the integrated technology and the regional interpolation method, including General kriging law, irrigation test, irrigation district investigation and typical irrigation test, the agricultural irri- gation quota was analyzed and compared. The research indicated that, in Xinjiang, the irrigation quota of general furrow and border irrigation, irrigation on plastic film, sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation was 5 100,4 350,3 820 and 3 600 ma/hm2 in normal hy- drology year （P= 50G）, and 5 625,4 800,4 200 and 3 975 ma/hmz in drought hydrology year （P= 75~）, respectively. The area- weighted comprehensive irrigation quota of the four irrigation modes was 4 515 ma/hm2 （P= 50~） and 4 980 ma/hm2 （P= 75~）. The Cobb-Douglas function was applied to study the change of the comprehensive irrigation quota and the result showed that the de- velopment of high-efficient water-saving irrigation had effective contribution to the decrease of the irrigation quota, while the general irrigation mode was the main reasons for the increase of the irrigation quota. The research results provided technical basis for the to- tal amount control and quota management of agriculture water resource in arid Xiniiang.