杭州市典型企业废水中挥发性有机物排放特征及其评价

Characteristics and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Discharge in Typical Enterprise Wastewater in Hangzhou City

以10家杭州市典型企业进出口废水为调查对象，用顶空气相色谱质谱法测定77种挥发性有机物（VOCs），分析其排放特征，并对监测结果进行评价．结果表明，进口废水共定量检出22种VOCs，检出质量浓度范围为7～3．39×10^6μg·L^-1；出口废水共定量检出14种VOCs，检出质量浓度范围为16～6．82×10^4μg·L^-1．就行业而言，香精香料制造企业进出VI废水VOCs检出的质量浓度最高．以《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）三级排放标准为评价标准时，1号企业出口废水检出甲苯质量浓度为2．45×10^36μg·L^-1，超过标准限值．以挥发性有机物的水介质排放环境目标值（DMEGWH）为标准时，3号企业出口废水检出的正丁醇、异丙醇、丙酮质量浓度均超过它们各自的水介质排放环境目标值．

Totally 77 kinds of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in inlet/outlet wastewater of 10 typical enterprises in Hangzhou City were determined by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, then the discharge characteristics of VOCs were analyzed, and the monitoring results were evaluated. The results indicated that 22 kinds of VOCs were detected in inlet wastewater, the range of VOCs concentrations was 7-3.39 ×10^6μg·L^-1, while 14 kinds of VOCs were detected in outlet wastewater, the range of VOCs concentrations was 16- 6.82 ×10^4μg·L^-1. The concentrations of VOCs in inlet/outlet wastewater of flavors and fragrances manufacturing enterprises were much higher than those of other industries. When using the third class discharge standard of ＂integrated wastewater discharge standard＂ （GB 8978-1996） as the evaluation criteria, the toluene concentration detected in outlet wastewater of enterprise 1 was 2.45 ×10^3μg·L^-1, which exceeded the standard limit. In addition. When the discharge multimedia environmental goals （ DMEGwH ） of VOCs in water was used as the evaluation criteria, the concentrations of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone in outlet wastewater of enterprise 3 exceeded their respective discharge multimedia environmental goals.