2012年北京市昌平区手足口病流行特征及干预措施

Epidemiological characteristics and intervention measures of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changping District of Beijing in 2012

目的探讨北京市昌平区手足口病的流行特征及干预措施。方法采用描述流行病学分析北京市昌平区2012年报告的4 317例手足口病患者的流行特征及采取的护理干预措施。结果人群聚集的镇/街为手足口病的高发地区,发病年龄集中在5岁以下;职业以散居、幼托儿童为主;男性多于女性,发病高峰在5—7月,重症病例报告与手足口病例发病高峰一致;98.45%患者居家隔离治疗,无死亡病例;实验室检测肠道病毒EV71、CoxA16、其他肠道病毒及混合感染均有检出;91.80%的患者及患儿看护人听说过手足口病;相关知识获得途径75.43%来源于医务人员。结论手足口病的发生存在明显的性别、年龄、季节差异,医务人员针对流行特征及病情变化,采取有效的护理干预,可提高手足口病患者及患儿家属对医护人员的信任和依从性,采取健康行为,有利于疾病恢复及控制疫情蔓延。

[ Objective] To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and intervention measures of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Changping District of Beijing. [ Methods ] The epidemiological characteristics and nursing intervention measures of 4317 HFMD cases reported in Changping District of Beijing in 2012 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. [ Results ] The crowded towns/streets were the high incidence area of HFMD, and most of patients were children under 5 years old, which were mainly scattered children and preschool children. Male patients were more than female patients. The peak season was May to July, and the severe cases reports were consistent with the peak season of HFMD. 98.45% of patients were treated with home quarantine, and there was no death case. All of intestinal virus EV71, CoxA16, other enteric viruses and mixed infection were detected. 91.80% of patients and their caregivers have heard of HFMD, and 75.43% obtained the related knowledge from the medical staff. [ Conclusion] The occurrence of HFMD shows obvious differences in gender, age and season. Medical personnel should carry out the effective nursing intervention according to epidemiological characteristics and change of disease, which can enhance the trust and compliance of HFMD children and their parents. The healthy behaviors are helpful for the recovery of the disease and the control of epidemic.