2011—2012年临清市居民被动物致伤及狂犬病疫苗接种状况分析

Situation of residents injured by animal and rabies vaccine coverage in Linqing City from 2011-2012

目的了解临清市居民被动物致伤及狂犬病疫苗、狂犬病免疫球旦白的接种情况，评价狂犬病预防处置效果，为狂犬病防治提供科学依据。方法对2011—2012年在临清市疾病预防控制中心狂犬病暴露处置门诊就诊的被动物致伤及疫苗接种者进行描述性调查。结果2011—2012年被动物致伤4284例，年平均致伤率279．09／10万。2012年狂犬病发生1例，死亡1例。6—8月份为动物致伤高峰，发生1542例，占35．99％；致伤者男2506人，女1778人，性别比1．41：1；职业以农民（1178例，占27．50％）和散居儿童（850例，占19．84％）居多，其次是学生（835例，占19．49％）、工人（811例，占18．93％）；年龄以20～49岁青壮年（1698例，占39．64％）和小于10岁儿童（1258例，占29．37％）居多；伤人动物88．24％是犬（3780例），其次为猫（396例，占9．24％）；致伤动物未进行免疫接种占84．03％；伤及部位头面部192例（4．48％），上肢（手）1612例（37．93％），下肢（脚）1902例（44．40％），多处致伤270例（6．30％）。患者在2h内就诊者3953例，占92．27％；24h内就诊4117例，占96．10％。91．36％的患者伤口及时被清洗、消毒。狂犬病疫苗全程接种4189例，占97．78％；狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种2498例，接种率58．31％。结论该市动物致伤者较多，狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白的接种率较高，正确处理伤口＋疫苗＋被动免疫制剂（免疫球蛋白）是预防狂犬病发生的重要举措。

[ Objective] To understand the situation of residents injured by animal and rabies immunoglobulin coverage in Linqing City,to evaluate the rabies prevention effect, and provide evidence for its control. [ Methods] Descriptive survey was performed on animal injured patients who received rabies vaccination in clinic of Qingyuan CDC from 2011-2012. [ Results] A total of 4 284 cases of animal injured patients were reported from 2011-2012, with annual injury rate of 279.09/100 000. There was 1 case of rabies, 1 death case in 2012. The peak incidence appeared in Jane-August （ 1 542 cases, 35.99% ）. There were 2 506 male injured pa- tients, 1 778 female, the ratio was 1.41： 1. Most patients were peasants （ 1 178 cases, 27.50% ） and scattered children （ 850 cases , 19.84% ）, followed by students （835 cases , 19.49% ） and workers （811 cases , 18.93% ）. Age distribution showed most were 20-49 years adolescents （ 1 698 cases, 39.64% ） and children under 10 years （ 1 258 cases, 29.37% ）. Most ani- mals were dog （ 3 780 cases, 88.24% ） , followed by cat （ 396 cases , 9.24% ）. 84.03% of the animals had no immunization his- tory. There were 192 cases （4.48%） with head and face injury, 1 612 （37.93%） with upper limb （ hand） injury, 1 902 （44.40% ） with lower limb （ foot ） injury, 270 （ 6.30% ） with multiple injuries. There were 3 953 cases （92.27%） received treat- ment with 2 hours, 4 117（96.10% ） with 24 hours. 91.36% of the patients received wound cleaning and disinfection in a timely manner. There were 4 189 cases （97.78% ） fully immunized by rabies vaccine, 2 498 （58.31% ） by rabies immunoglobulin. [ Conclusion] The incidence of animal injury is relatively high in this city, and the vaccination rate of rabies vaccine and immuno- globulin is relatively high too. The key measures for rabies control are correct injury treatment ＋ passive immunization vaccine （ immunoglobulin ）.