否定自然辩证法的后果——卢卡奇总体性辩证法探析的一个维度

On the Consequences of Negating the Natural Dialectic——On Lukacs's Exploration of a Dimension in the Total Dialectic

卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中试图阐述一种正统马克思主义,他自己也努力想成为正统马克思主义者。但是,结果却并没有获得成功,反而偏离了马克思主义。究其原因可能很多,但是最为根本的一点,在于他主张的总体性辩证法否定自然辩证法。而否定自然辩证法主要会导致三个后果:一是致使他的总体性辩证法失去物质基础,成为"空中楼阁";二是在认识论上批判反映论,反映论因此成为他批判的"靶子";三是他宣称通过总体性辩证法要实现的"当前目标"和"最终目标"都成为幻影,对于他而言,改变世界只是"神话"。

In History and Class Consciousness, Lukacs attempted to elaborate an orthodox Marxism, and he also tried to become the orthodoxy Marxist. However, he did not succeed, but deviated from Marxism. There may be many reasons, but the most fundamental point is that the total dialectic advocated by him ne- gates natural dialectic. Negating the natural dialectics would mainly lead to three results： first, the total dia- lectic lost material base, and became ＂castles in the air＂ ;second, on the epistemological aspect, he criticized theory target＂ of reflection, and theory of reflection therefore became the ＂target＂ of his critique ; third, ＂the and ＂the ultimate goal＂ which could be achieved through the total dialectic became a mirage, him, changing the world was just a ＂myth＂.