染色涤纶低聚物的控制--一些染整技术的回顾之五

Control of oligomers of dyed polyester

涤纶低聚物是单体在缩聚反应过程中形成的低分子质量副产物。据美国纺织品生产商宣称,远东地区出产的涤纶纤维中的低聚物含量可能高达10%。低聚物是影响涤纶染色的大问题,目前还没有有效的解决方法。根据国内外有关染色涤纶低聚物的研究,从低聚物的形成及影响入手,总结了目前控制染色涤纶低聚物的主要方法,包括低温染色、碱性染色、添加助剂、高温排液、染色后处理以及生物酶处理,以有效控制涤纶染色中低聚物的不良影响,从而为解决染色涤纶低聚物问题提供一定的参考。需要指出的是,控制涤纶聚合环节中低聚物的生成,才是解决低聚物问题最根本和有效的方法,应该引起重视。

The polycondensation of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol to form high molecular weight poly（ethylene terephthalate） also produces linear and cyclic oligomers.US textile companies declared that polyesters imported from the Far East could contain as much as 10％ of oligomers.These oligomers have serious effects on polyester dyeing and no effective solutions have been found out yet.Based on the oligomer dyeing research at home and abroad,methods to control cyclic oligomers in PET dyeing are reviewed in view of its formation and effects,including low temperature dyeing,basic dyeing,addition of auxiliaries,fluid discharge at high temperature,post-treatment of dyeing and enzymatic treatment.It is of equal importance that the fiber manufacturers should control the polymerization processes to decrease the oligomer contents.