云南松林在云南的分布研究

A research on the distribution of Pinus yunnanensis forest in Yunnan Province

采用云南省森林资源连续清查样地数据，对云南松林的水平分布、垂直分布、土壤分布、坡向分布、坡位分布等进行了系统研究．结果表明：在云南省境内，云南松林水平分布范围北至28。23＇33”N，南至23。01’20”N，东至97。46’39”E，西至105。54’05”E；垂直分布海拔跨度在710～3320m之间，其中分布面积最多的海拔区间为1500～2500m，占云南松林总面积的66．66％；云南松林下的土壤包括8个土类，其中红壤分布面积最多，占61．58％，其次为紫色土和黄棕壤；就分布的坡向而言，在阳坡的分布多于阴坡，前者占58．29％，后者占41．71％，但分布于阴坡的云南松林质量总体上优于阳坡，前者平均单位面积蓄积量为79．1m^3／hm。，后者平均为74．0m^3／h㎡；坡位分布方面，分布于中坡位的云南松林最多，其次为上坡位，下坡位的居第3，分布于山脊的居第4；从林分质量上看，山脊上的优于上坡位的，上坡位的优于下坡位的，出现了林分质量与立地质量相背离的情况，但下坡位到山脊受到的人为干扰不断减少．这表明在现存云南松林中，人为干扰因素取代立地质量等自然因素，成为影响云南松林质量的主导因素．

Based on the forest resources continuous inventory sample plots, the research on the horizontal dis tribution, vertical distribution, soil distribution, slope direction and slope position distribution of Pinus yunnanensis forest were conducted systematically. The results showed that：horizontal distribution range of Pinus yunnanensis forests in Yunnan Province was from 28 °23＇33 ＂N to 23°01 ＇20＂ N,97 °46＇39＂E to 105 °54＇05＂E;vertical distri bution was between 710-3 320 m,most of which between 1 500-2 500 m,accounting for 66.66% of Pinus yun nanensis forest in Yunnan;there were eight soil types in Pinus yunnanensis forests, red soil was the most abun dant,accounting for 61.58 % ,followed by purple soil and yellow brown; at the aspect of the distribution on the slopes ,the distribution on sunny slope was dominant to that of north -facing slope, which accounted for 58.29% and 41.71% , respectively. But the quality of Pinus yunnanensis forests distributed in north -facing slope was su perior to that distributed on the sunny slope, as the average unit area volume was 79.1 m3/hm^3 and 74.0 m3/ hm^3, respectively;most of Pinus yunnanensis forests were distributed in middle hill, followed by the uphill, down hill and mountain ridges. When comparing the stand quality, the forests distributed in the mountain ridge was bet ter than uphill, and the uphill was better than the downhill, which showed the deviation between stand quality and site quality. Considering that the human disturbance is declining from down slope to mountain ridges, the quality of the forests seemed to be affected more by human disturbance than site quality and other natural factors, thus human disturbance has become the dominant factor in affecting the quality of Pinus yunnanensis forests.