广州市支气管哮喘流行病学调查

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN GUANGZHOU

目的 :调查广州地区支气管哮喘发病情况及相关危险因素。对象及方法 :广州分新城区及老城区 ,采用统一流调表格 ,按照分层整群不等比随机抽样方法进行调查。结果与结论 :全市支气管哮喘总患病率 8.96 % ,男女患者之比为 1.6∶1。其中老城区现患率 16 .99% ,新城区现患率 2 .2 6 %。不同年龄组的患病率有显著差异 ,其中以 18～ 2 5岁年龄组及 6 6～ 75岁年龄组患病较高 ,分别为 45 .5 %及 13 .5 %。在被调查职业中 ,以学生、重工业及化学工业人口的患病率较高 ,分别为 31.7% ,15 .8%及 14.7%。危险因素调查显示 :哮喘患者中哮喘病家族史者占 32 .1% ,比率最高 ,其它因素依次为 :吸烟或暴露于吸烟环境 ,伴有过敏性鼻炎或皮炎 ,有季节性节粉过敏或食物过敏史等。儿童患哮喘者中 75 %在 2岁前患有支气管炎。吸入刺激气体、感冒、天气变化及体力活动后为较常见的诱发因素。另调查显示病人对哮喘知识的认知度较低。通过这次调查 ,初步了解了广州市哮喘病的流行情况 ,为今后支气管哮喘的群防群治及相关研究提供了依据。

Objective: To survey the asthma prevalence and its risk factors in Guangzhou City. Methods: The city was divided into two parts: new and old districts. New and old districts. Uniform method and questionnaire were used, and stratified-cluster-disproportional-random-sampling survey was performed. Results: The overall prevalence rate of asthma in Guangzhou was 8.96‰, the ratio of male to female asthmatics was 1.6∶1. The prevalence rate in old district was 16.99‰, while that in new district was 2.26‰. There was clear difference among different age groups, two age groups: 18～25 and 66～75 were found to have the highest prevalence rates: 45.5‰ and 13.5‰. The occupational groups of students, heavy industry and chemical industry had the higher rates: 31.7‰, 15.8‰ and 14.7‰ respectively. The survey of risk factors show that: among 109 asthmatics, those with family history of asthma accounted for 32.1% (the highest), the other factors were: smoking or exposed to hazy environment, accompanied by allergic rhinitis of dermatis, allergic history to pollen or certain food, etc. Conclusions: Seventy-five percent of childhood asthmatics were found to be attacked by bronchitis before two years old. Inhaling irritating gas, cold, change of temperature and strenuous activity were all the common triggering factors for asthma. It was also found that patients had a very poor knowledge about asthma. This survey has basically reflected the epidemiology of asthma in Guangzhou City and it would provide basis for the future research work and mass prevention and management for asthma.