采用声学比拟法计算高速列车气动噪声的研究

Investigation on Aerodynamic Noise of High-speed Train Based on Acoustic Analogy Theory

在高速列车研制和运行中,气动噪声控制是必须考虑的关键问题之一。介绍气动声学发展的概况,提出高速列车气动噪声数值计算的方法,通过在空间流场采用LES方法求解,在近壁区采用低雷诺数两方程湍流模型的DES方法,可以得到随时间变化的脉动压力场,采用莱特希尔气动声学比拟理论把声学信息从流场中提取出来。通过与文献提供的类后视镜凸起物的噪声结果比较,验证方法的有效性。运用该方法对某型高速列车开展气动噪声计算,得到列车在运行中声压级,可以为进一步研究列车气动噪声提供技术支持。

Aerodynamic noise control is one of the key problems during the R＆D and operation of high-speed train. A general historical overview of study on the aerodynamics is presented. Method used to calculate the aerodynamic noise value of high-speed train is proposed. LES is adopted to get solution in the special flow field, and DES method in a low Reynolds two-equation turbulence model is used in the zone near wall, then the pulsing pressure field changing with time could be gained. Then the Lighthill-Cude acoustic analogy theory is used to get the acoustic information from the flow field. Through comparing with the research results from the literature review on the noise around a representa- tive rearview mirror, the validity of the method is proven. At last, the aerodynamics noise generated by some type of high-speed train is calculated. The results of the sound pressure levels during the running of trains are provided and it could be an technical support for the further research on aerodynamic noise of trains.