油茶果实发育特性及水分、油脂含量动态分析

Growth characteristics and dynamic analysis of water and oil content on oil-tea camellia fruit

以油茶长林4号、40号和166号为材料,研究各品种果形、果重、水分及油脂含量的变化规律。结果表明:①5～8月份为果实体积迅速膨大期,8月份后基本停止增大,果皮厚度从6月份开始停止增厚,并逐渐变薄;果实形状与品种有较大的关联性,但均从圆橄榄形逐渐生长成其他各种果形。果实横向膨大方向不均一,不同时期纵向生长与横向生长速度也存在差别;②果实重量从6月份开始迅速增长,到8月份基本保持稳定,种子生长速度比种皮生长速度更快,鲜果出籽率与果实重量变化规律一致;③果皮含水率在6～7月份有微小的下降,而后一直保持到成熟。种子含水率由5月份96%下降到10月份果实成熟时的45%,其中8～10月份下降速度迅猛;④干籽出仁率从7月份15%开始一直稳定上升到10月份的67%;油茶7～10月份果油率分别为0.01%、0.16%、2.77%和7.54%,其中8～10月份为种子油脂迅速增长期。

The shape, physiology and genes regulation of fruits and seeds growth are most important characters for plants. In order to realize the growth characters of oil-tea camellia （Camellia oleifera Abel C. Abel） fruits and seeds, the shape, weight and oil content of Changlin No. 4, No. 40 and No. 166 fruits and seeds at several development stages were studied. The results showed that firstly, fruits volume increased lastly from May to August, and nearly stopped after August. The fruit peel stopped growing thicker, and became thinner slightly after June. The fruit shapes were associated to the variety of oil-tea camellia, but most fruits shapes were round-olive shape at beginning stages, and gradually developed into all sorts; furits of transverse diameter and vertical diameter grew un-nuniformly among different periods. Secondly, fruits weight increased lastly from June to Agust. Weight of seeds increased faster than that of fruits peel. Seeds producing-rate from fresh fruits changed in accord with furits. Thirdly, water content of fruit peel slightly dropped from June to July, and kept invariant until the fruit riped. Water content of seeds was 96% in June, decreased quickly after August and was only 45% in October. Fourthly, kernel rate of dry seeds was 15% in July, and increased steadily to 67% in October, oil contents of fresh fruits were 0.01%, 0.16%, 2.77% and 7.54% respectively from July to October, oil content increased quickly from August to October.