花生籽粒几何尺寸及物理特性的研究

Experimental research on the geometric dimensions and physical properties of peanut seeds

以花生主产区典型花生品种海花、鲁花11、白沙(大)和四粒红为试验材料,测定不同品种花生籽粒的三轴尺寸、千粒重、容积密度、籽粒密度、孔隙率及其在铁板、涂漆铁板、有机玻璃板上的滑动摩擦角,研究花生籽粒的几何尺寸与基本物理特性。结果表明:海花、鲁花11的几何尺寸相对较大,其中鲁花11籽粒的几何尺寸最大,海花、白沙(大)次之,四粒红最小,白沙(大)及四粒红籽粒大小的离散性相对海花、鲁花11较好,海花的千粒重最大,四粒红的千粒重最小,四粒红容积密度最大,海花容积密度最小,四粒红籽粒密度最大,白沙(大)籽粒密度最小,海花的孔隙率最大,四粒红的孔隙率最小;四粒红籽粒组织较为饱满,籽粒大小、形状相对最均匀,白沙(大)次之,其籽粒组织相对疏松,而海花籽粒的组织较为饱满,其籽粒大小、形状均匀性相对较差;不同品种、不同材质接触面的条件下,花生籽粒的流动性有所不同,花生籽粒与铁板的滑动摩擦角较大,与有机玻璃的滑动摩擦角较小,其中鲁花11与铁板的滑动摩擦角最大,四粒红与有机玻璃的滑动摩擦角最小,四粒红籽粒的流动性相对最好,鲁花11籽粒的流动性相对最差。

In this work some typical varieties in the peanut main producing areas Haihua, Luhua 11, Baisha （large） and Silihong were chosen as experimental materials, their geometric dimensions and basic physical properties of peanut seeds were studied through experiment. In testing, the moisture contents of the peanut seeds were 6.12% （Haihua）, 6. 35% （Luhua 11）, 6. 18% （Baisha）, and 6.54% （Silihong） respectively. Some seed geometric and physical parameters, including size of three-axis, thousand grain weight, bulk density, porosity, and sliding friction angle on the iron plate, painted iron, and organic glass to different varieties peanut seeds, were measured with standard determination method, and the testing results were analyzed. The results showed that： the geometry dimensions of Haihua and Luhua 11 were relatively larger, and the four varieties listed with decreasing order were Luhua 11, Haihua, Baisha （large） and silihong; while the discrete properties of Baisha （large） and Silihong were relatively better than Haihua, Luhua 11% the thousand grain weight of Haihua ranked first and Silihong＇s ranked last; the bulk density of Silihong was the maximum and Haihua＇s was the minimum; the density of Silihong was the maximum and Baisha＇s was the minimum; the porosity of Haihua was the maximum and Silihong＇s was the minimum; Silihong with more plump tissue, had relatively most uniform size and shape, followed by＇Baisha with relatively loose tissue, and Haihua＇s size and shape were relatively the most unevendespite with more plump tissue; the mobility properties of peanut seeds varied with different contacting species and contacting surface conditions, the sliding friction angle of peanut seed was bigger on the iron plate and smaller on the organic glass; the sliding friction angle of Luhua 11 was the maximum on the iron plate, and the sliding friction angle of Silihong was the minimum on the organic glass; the sliding friction angle of Luhua 11 was the maximum, followed by Baisha （large）, and sliding friction angle of Silihong was the minimum; the mobility properties of Silihong was the best, and Luhua 11 perform the worst.