组织文化与国际官僚组织的规范倡导

Organizational Culture and Norm Entrepreneurship of the International Bureaucratic Organizations

国际规范扩散作为建构主义观念研究的研究议程,经玛莎·芬尼莫尔等人创立以来,取得了大量的研究成果,但规范扩散研究议程由于将国际组织的动机黑箱化,从而缺失了国际组织的规范倡导这一环节。很多政府间国际组织实际上是具备相当独立性的国际官僚组织,它们对国际规范的倡导并不是自动的,国际规范只有经过国际组织的规范倡导之后,才开始向体系内的成员扩散并使之社会化。国际官僚组织不但有维持组织生存的组织利益,更有明显的组织文化。当国际官僚组织在倡导国际规范时,如果其组织文化与国际规范不匹配,该国际组织将在倡导过程中依据组织文化对规范进行再诠释,重新组合国际规范内部的禁止性规则,使待倡导的国际规范内容与国际官僚组织的组织文化相匹配。也就是说,国际规范需要经过国际组织的组织文化的过滤,才能演变成国际组织实际倡导的国际规范,因而,国际官僚组织对于特定国际规范的选择性倡导以及由此导致的规范倡导差异,昭示出国际规范扩散原本可能会呈现不同的方向,而不是只有单一、线性的扩散路径。

There are many followers after Martha Finnemore created norm diffusion research agenda,which acknowledges that idea matters in international affairs;however,they all keep silent on the motives of norm entrepreneurship of the international bureaucratic organizations,resulting in the exclusion of the study of norm entrepreneurship in their works.The author argues that many important international organizations are bureaucratic organizations.They selectively promote the diffusion of nice norms rather than spontaneously do it.International norms can reach nation states only after international bureaucratic organizations' selective norm advocation.Organizational culture rather than organizational interests affects the direction of norm entrepreneurship.Based on their organizational cultures,international bureaucratic organizations will re-explain and reinterpret the rules of international norms,which could shape the meaning of international norms and affect the ways they choose to advocate those norms.As result,from the view of this article,norm entrepreneurship of the international bureaucratic organizations is not linear,but diverse.