市场分割对中国制造业增长的影响--区域与产业差异

Impact of market segmentation on growth of manufacturing industry in China:Regional and industrial differences

本文从中国区域经济发展的实际情况出发,以制造业为切入点,研究转型时期特有的市场分割现象对经济增长的影响,并关注这一影响的区域与产业差异。在新增长理论和新经济地理学框架下,将不同地理尺度上的市场分割分为国际市场分割、国内市场分割和地理分割,构建了市场分割对经济增长影响的线性模型。以中国2003-2009年制造业数据为基础建立城市面板模型,采用随机效应估计进行研究。结果表明:①3种市场分割中,国际市场分割、地理分割对中国制造业增长影响显著。②从区域差异来看,对东部地区制造业增长影响显著的是国际分割和地理区位上的分割;对中部地区制造业增长影响显著的是地理分割,包括地形和区位上的分割;对西部而言,地形上的分割影响显著。③从产业差异来看,对劳动密集型、资本密集型、技术密集型产业影响显著的分别是国际市场分割、地形分割和国内市场分割。未来根据不同区域、不同产业类型,切实减少相应的市场分割,对于经济发展十分重要。

Since the reform and opening-up policies first started, China has experienced rapid economic growth. From 1979 to 2011, average annual growth for China＇s GDP is nearly 10 percent. Economic growth is always the focus of attention of the general public. Economic theories emphasize that the quality and quantities of the in- put factors affect economic growth. With the development of economic geography, the new economic geogra- phy, represented by Krugman, provides a new direction for the study of economic growth. Under the framework of imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale, new economic geography takes the geographic factors into the mainstream economics to explain the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration and diffusion. At present, China is in a special period of economic transition. On the one hand, due to the tax reform, administrative decen- tralization and the economic performance evaluation system for local officials by the central government, market segmentation in China is serious, manifested by regional malignant competition, redundant construction and lo- cal protection. On the other hand, in recent years, China promulgated a number of regional development plans to coordinate the regional development, and urban agglomeration has become the leading area of economic devel- opment. Why market segmentation exists in some regions, but regional integration exists in some other regions？ Considering the differences in market segmentation and the differences in economic growth, we can＇t help but wonder how market segmentation affects economic growth and whether the relationship between the two chang- es from region to region, and from industry to industry. Solving these problems is of great significance to the cur- rent situation of China＇s economic growth. In this paper, based on the actual situation of China＇s regional eco- nomic development, we study the impact of market segmentation, characteristic of China＇s economic transition period, on economic growth. We focus on the differences among the regions and industries and take the manufac- turing industry as the breakthrough point. In the frame of new growth theory and new economic geography, this paper constructs a linear model for the impact of market segmentation on economic growth. And from different geographic scales, the market segmentation is divided into international market segmentation, domestic market segmentation and geographic segmentation. Our study resulted in a panel data model based on manufacturing in- dustries data from 2003 to 2009. By estimating random effects, the results were robust to prove that： （1） interna- tional market segmentation and geographic segmentation have significant impact on the growth of manufactur- ing industry in China. （2） In terms of regional differences, the growth of manufacturing industry is more sensi- tive to intemational market segmentation and geographic location segmentation in Eastern China, more sensitive to geographic location segmentation and topography segmentation in Central China, and more sensitive to geo- graphic topography segmentation in Western China, respectively. （3） As far as industrial differences are con- cemed, international market segmentation, geographic topography segmentation and domestic market segmenta- tion each has significant effect on labor intensive industry, capital intensive industry and technology intensive in- dustry, respectively. Thus, for the specific type of region or industry, reducing the specific type of market seg- mentation is of great importance for the economic development in the future.