中国海港城市“港-城空间系统”演化理论与实证

The Port-City Spatial System Evolution Theory and Empirical Study of Chinese Seaport City

随着经济全球化的深入和世界性产业转移浪潮,海港加快向第3代甚至第4代转型,发展中国家的海港城市成为承接国际产业转移首选之地。作为国际物流供应链枢纽节点,海港可以通过对物流资源的整合,实现功能提升、产业集聚和空间成长,并推动港-城空间系统演化更新。基于相关研究评述,根据海港及海港城市发展的新特点,提出现代海港城市"港-城空间系统"演化理论,将其分为港城形成初期的港-城共生、港-城空间集聚、港口外迁与城市裂变、港-城双向网络发展4个时序阶段,对各阶段的特征进行了刻画和解析。其次,从港口对城市产生地域空间效应、港城空间相互作用及其动态变化、现代物流资源整合与流空间塑造3方面对"港-城空间系统"演化的动力机制进行系统分析。最后,通过对中国典型海港城市案例分析加以实证,验证前述"港-城空间系统"演化理论。

With economic globalization further development and wave of cosmopolitan industrial transfer con- tinuously flowing, the heavy chemical industry accelerated transfers to China, Southeast Asia and other re- gions, which pluses new science and technology revolution, port development reform as well as the industrial- ization, urbanization, population employment in developing countries. Many factors are intertwined, so that the spatial relationship between the port and city has become increasingly complex. How dialectically look on the separation and integration of port and city？ What does the dynamic trend of their interaction show？ These issues are the important subject in port geography and urban geography. Closely around the new changes of the modem seaport city＇ s spatial evolution in China and taking revealing the dialectical relationship and dynamic changes of interaction between port and city as mainline, this study divides the evolution process of Chi- nese-style port-city spatial system into 4 stages： the early formation of primitive accumulation, spatial concen- tration, moved outside the port city of fission, and the bidirectional network development of port-city groups＇ classification interaction. It deeply analyzes and depicts the spatial characterization of port-city on various stag- es. It emphasizes that the inevitable trend in advanced stage of port-city system development is port relocating, and then fission to port-city bidirectional network. Secondly, this article makes a system analysis on the dynam- ic mechanism of port-city interaction and its spatial system evolution from 4 aspects, that is, the dialectical rela- tionship between relationship evolution and the geographical spatial influences of port-city, the urban geo- graphical spatial impacts on port are endogenous impetus, the impacts of port on urban geographical spatial are in the dynamic changes, as well as the ultimate aim of port-city development in the globalization era. The arti- cle considers that the interaction among three forces （action of port on city, reaction of port on city and self-growth effect of city） promotes the evolution and cycling regeneration of port-city system ,and the spatial effect of the port evolution on city is the dominant factor. Finally, the article takes empirical study by investi- gating some Chinese large coastal port cities to verify the proposed ＂port-city spatial system＂ evolution theory of Chinese coastal cities, in order to reflect the new changes on port-city spatial relationship in new era, perfect regional system evolution theory of port city and provide scientific reference for port city＇ s development.. This article points out that the port-city system of main regional hub ports in current China is in the early stage of port-city bidirectional network development.