深圳市社区居民病毒性肝炎健康教育干预效果评价

Impact evaluation on viral hepatitis health education among Shenzhen community residents

目的了解深圳市常住人群对病毒性肝炎知识掌握情况,对健康教育干预效果进行评价。方法通过开展看电视、专题讲座、张贴宣传海报、发放资料及有奖知识问答等方式向社区人群进行病毒性肝炎的传播途径、危害以及预防控制等知识宣传,并在干预前后分别进行病毒性肝炎的KAP调查,分析两次调查结果的差异性及对健康教育干预效果进行评价。结果深圳市社区居民对病毒性肝炎相关知识的知晓率较低,获取知识的渠道以电视为主(65.21%),其次为报刊(51.3%)和卫生宣传资料(41.9%),干预后主要为电视(66.31%)、卫生宣传资料(64.21%)和报刊(57.48%)。干预后调查对象对肝炎传播途径、危害及预防知识知晓率明显提高;但了解甲肝和乙肝危害者的比例仍较低,分别只有45.5%和60.0%。干预后人群中"肝炎恐惧"现象有所下降,"肝炎歧视"现象明显降低,乙肝或感染者被远离和遭遇就业升学困难的比例也明显下降。结论以社区为单位,长期、持续开展形式多样的健康教育活动,是预防和控制病毒性肝炎的关键。

Objective To investigate KAP （knowledge, attitude and practice） of community residents about vi-ral hepatitis, and evaluate effects of viral hepatitis health education for effective health education strategies. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys for KAP about viral hepatitis B were conducted in community-based population from 15 to 59 years by random sampling methods before and after the health education. The results of two surveys were compared for evaluating in-tervention effect. Health education of viral hepatitis transmission, prevention, control and hazards were given by carrying out watching television, seminars, posters, disseminating information and prize quiz, etc. Results Awareness rates on knowledge of transmission, harm and prevention of HBV were still low. Ways to acquire knowledge were television （65.21%）, followed by newspaper and magazines （51.3%） and promotional materials （41.9%） before intervention. After the intervention, ways to acquire knowledge were television （66. 31% ）, health promotional materials （64. 21% ）, newspaper and magazines （57.48%）. After intervention, knowledge of hepatitis transmission, hazard awareness and pre-vention were improved significantly. The percentages who understood the harm of Hepatitis A and B were still low, only 45.5% and 60.0%, respectively. After intervention, there was improvement on ＂discrimination on HBV patients＂ . The percentage of Hepatitis B or infectious case was isolated and encounter difficulties in work also decreased significantly. Con-clusion It is critical to perform long-term and continuous health educations on viral hepatitis knowledge in communities, so as to eliminate ＂fear of HBV＂ and ＂discrimination on HBV patients＂ fundamentally.