新型饮食保障模式对艇员健康影响的分析

Influence of new food service support mode on the health of submariners

目的通过某艇长航，评价艇员饮食与健康的关系，验证新型饮食保障模式的可行性。方法观察117名艇员长航前后体质量、血压、血分析、血代谢产物和尿分析项目。结果出航后，117名艇员平均体质量有所增加[出航前（70．19±8．14）kg，出航后（71．59±10．12）]kg；尿酸有所下降[出航前（416．93±72．86）μmol／L，出航后（383．27±69．48）]μmol／L，出航前44人尿酸值偏高，出航后28人尿酸值仍偏高；三酰甘油偏高人数增加，出航前101人正常，16人偏高（2．41～7．50μmol／L），出航后平均为（2．08±1．49）μmol／L，其中87人正常，30人偏高（2．32～8．92μmol／L）。其他指标均正常。结论以新型食品＋蔬菜保鲜相结合的新型饮食保障模式，按照出航食谱有规律饮食，能满足艇员的营养需要，不存在营养素缺乏症，但存在营养过剩，建议三酰甘油和尿酸偏高的艇员应控制高能量和肉类食品的摄入量。

Objective To evaluate the relationship between food intake and health of the crew, and also to verify the practicability of the new food service support mode through prolonged deployment of a eertain submarine. Methods Medical detections were made on 117 submariners concerning body weight, blood pressure, routine blood test, blood metabolite and routine urine test both before and after the prolonged deployment. Results Such were the medical detection results. The average body weight of the 117 submariners increased by a small margin （70.19 -＋8.14） kg before deployment, （71.59 -＋ 10.12） kg after deployment）. Urine acid decreased to some extent （416.93 -＋ 72.86 before deployment, 383.27 -＋ 69.48 after deployment）. Before deployment, urine acid levels in 44 submariners were slightly higher and detection showed that urine acid levels in 28 submariners were slightly higher after deployment. Detection of triglyceride revealed that 101 submariners were normal and 16 submariners were slightly higher than before deployment （2.41-7.50 retool/L）. Following deployment at sea, the average level of triglyceride was （ 2.08 -＋ 1.49 ） mmol/L. Of all the submariners, 87 were normal and 30 were slightly higher （2.32-8.92 retool/L）. All the other indices were within normal range. Conclusions With the regular food supply during deployment, the new food service support mode （the new types of food rations ＋ fresh vegetables） could satisfy the nutritional requirements of the submarine crew. The problem of nutrition deficiency was not detected among submariners. On the whole, the problem of over-nutrition existed among certain submariners. With this reason, it was recommended that those submariners with higher levels of triglyceride and urine acid should restrict intake of high energy food and meat as well.