某舰远航前期舰员易患内科疾病及诱因分析

Susceptible internal diseases at the initial stage of the prolonged deployment at sea and analysis of inducing factors

目的了解舰员在长期远航前期易患内科疾病及诱因。方法以长期远航某舰的舰员为对象，统计远航前期各种疾病的例数，计算各种疾病构成比。根据起航前有无重度饮酒、是否感觉疲劳以及是否首次过舰船生活，将舰员分别归入重度饮酒组、非重度饮酒组、疲劳组、非疲劳组、首次随舰生活组和非首次随舰生活组。计算各组舰员各类疾病的数量和发病率，比较在相对应的组中各疾病的发病是否有差异。结果长期远航的前期，患运动病舰员最多，占患病舰员62．5％，消化系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统疾病占比较大，分别占患病舰员的14．6％、12．5％和8．3％，重度饮酒组舰员心血管疾病和消化系统疾病发病率（8．1％和6．5％）比非重度饮酒组（0．5％和1．4％）增加，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；疲劳组舰员心血管疾病和运动病发病率（3．4％和16．2％）比非疲劳组（0．6％和7．1％）增加，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；首次随舰生活组舰员运动病发病率（28．8％）比非首次随航生活组航员（4．5％）显著增加，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．叭）。结论长期远航前期，运动病发病率最高，消化系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统疾病均多发，重度饮酒与疲劳均可诱发舰员发生心血管系统疾病，重度饮酒还可诱发消化系统疾病，疲劳或首次随舰生活可诱发运动病。

Objective To investigate susceptible internal diseases at the initial stage of the prolonged deployment at sea and analysis of inducing factors. Methods The crew of a certain naval ship deployed at sea for a prolonged time was used as research subjects. The case number of various kinds of disease encountered onboard the ship at the initial stage of the prolonged deployment was recorded, and disease ratio was then calculated. The crew was divided into the excessive alcohol drinking group and non-excessive alcohol drinking group, the fatigue group and non-fatigue group, the first time shipboard life group and the non-first time shipboard life group, depending on whether they were excessive alcohol drinkers or whether they felt tired, or whether it was first time for them to live onboard. The types and incidences of various diseases that occurred among the ship crew were recorded. Then, differences in the incidences of various diseases were compared between the groups. Results At the initial stage, motion sickness was the most prominent disease among the ship crew, accounting for 62.5% of all the diseases. Digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory system diseases were also major disorders among the crew, accounting for 14.6% , 12.5% and 8.3% respectively. Incidences of cardiovascular and digestive system diseases for the excessive alcohol drinking group（ 8.1% and 6.5% ）were higher than those of the non-alcohol excessive drinking group（0.5% and 1.4% ）, with statistical significance （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05 ）. Incidences of cardiovascular disease and motion sickness for the fatigue group （3.4% and 16.2%）were higher than those of the non-fatigue group （0. 6% and 7. 1%）, also with statistical significance（P 〈0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Incidence of motion sickness for the first time shipboard life group （28. 8% ）was significantly higher than that of the non-first time shipboard life group （4.5%）, with obvious statistical significance（P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Of all the diseases, motion sickness took the heaviest toll, digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were also common diseases that occurred among the crew, at the earlier stage of prolonged deployment at sea. Excessive alcohol drinking or fatigue could induce cardiovascular system disease, as well as digestive system disease, and fatigue and the first time shipboard life could induce motion sickness.