唐代小说中意识形态意义的“妖”

The Ideological Meanings of the Yao in Tang Stories

现有关于"妖"的研究都侧重于其作为本体论的含义,本文主要分析意识形态意义的"妖"。作为意识形态范畴的"妖"是权威主体标记异端的一种重要手段。政治、宗教以及与性别有关的文本都倾向于把意识形态意义的"妖"自然化,强调权威和异端之间的权力定式。唐代小说则把这个意义的"妖"戏剧化,揭示了不同甚至矛盾的视角,探讨了肯定或颠覆"妖"背后的权力定式以及固有故事模式的各种可能性。这些对意识形态意义的"妖"的不同表现,显示了唐代小说作为大众型话语的多样性、不稳定性、幽默性等特点。唐代小说对作为意识形态范畴的"妖"的戏剧性表现,为后代文人在文言小说和神魔小说里的进一步探索打下了重要的基础。

In contrast to existing studies that have approached the yao （妖, evil spirit） as an ontological category, this paper examines it as an ideological category, which represents an important means of labeling what is abnormal as heterodox in order to assert and bolster the orthodox. If political, religious, and gender- related discourses share a tendency to take for granted and even naturalize the designation and suppression of the yao, Tang stories dramatize such designations to reveal its artificial nature. The dramatizations not only show the diverse perspectives on the ideological meanings of the yao, but also shed light on various possibilities of affirming and subverting the power relations and narrative patterns. The diversity ~ instability, and humor in the representations of the yao thus illustrate the unique features of Tang stories as a communal discourse. The explorations of the ideological meanings of the yao in Tang stories laid an important foundation for later literati to further explore its powerful ambivalences in both classical and vernacular narrative literature.