祖先记忆与文献传播:“瓦屑坝”三考的来龙去脉

Ancestral Memory and Document Communication:the Origin and Development of Three Textual Research Articles on the Migrant Legend of the Waxieba

江西"瓦屑坝"的移民传说,曾广泛流传于明清以后湖北黄州府与安徽安庆府两地。清代康熙以后,在江淮之间的广阔区域内,敬宗收族、寻根问祖成为一时之风尚。以张希良、靖道谟、史珥为代表的湖北、江西两地文化精英,更孜孜于"瓦屑坝"确切地点的考证求索,于是便产生了"瓦屑坝"前后三考这一移民传说的精英文本,并进一步规范和影响了地方宗族关于始迁祖的历史记忆。"瓦屑坝"三考文字的产生与流传,既充分体现了地方士大夫在移民传说由口头传述向文字书写转变当中的文化创造作用,也深刻揭示了移民传说流传背后地方宗族发展的区域历史文化过程。

The migrant legend of the Waxieba in Jiangxi has been prevalent in Huangzhou prefec- ture, Hubei and Anqing prefecture, Anhui since the Ming and Qing dynasties. When the clan union and the root-seeking became popular in Jianghuai area since the Kangxi period, three textual research articles on the migrant legend of the Waxieba were produced finally by Zhangxiliang, Jingdaomao and Shier, which affected deeply the historical records about the original migrant ancestors of regional clans. The production and spread of three article reflect fully the role of cultural creation played by the scholar-bureaucrats in the process from oral narratives to the writting of the migrant legend, and profoundly revealed the regional historical cultural process.