论版权法上使用者利益的保护

Safeguarding the Users' Interests under Copyright Law

使用者利益是版权生态中的重要组成部分,但在版权法中的地位却日趋边缘化。它常常被其他议题所淹没,也尚未得到版权理论的系统梳理与阐释。版权法上的作品使用者具有不同的面孔,它们是作品载体的所有者,是消费者,也是重要的创作者。作为不同身份的使用者,存在不同的利益需求。这些使用者利益分别得到了默示许可、首次销售和合理使用原则的庇护。但是,这些规则均有适用范围上的局限性。适用范围广于首次销售的权利穷竭原则为成文法和司法判例所共同确认,它通过三要素来确定使用者利益是否应得到保护。因而,权利穷竭原则也属于保护使用者利益的重要制度之一,它与其他规则一起促进了版权生态的健康发展。

Copyright users＇ interests, in which have become increasingly marginalized under the law, are the important part of copyright ecology, and have not yet been systematically explained by copyright theory. The users have different faces who are the owner of copyright material, the consumer of cultural product and the innovative creator. These different inter- ests of copyright users are protected by the doctrine of implied license, first sale and fair use. However, there are more lim- itation on this doctrine. Thus, the doctrine of right exhaustion, which the reach is far beyond the first sale doctrine, shall protect the interest of users through three factors, and the doctrine is recognized by the law and judicial opinions and shall promote the healthy development of copyright ecology with the other rules to protect users＇ interest.