中加油气合作发展对策研究

A Study on Developments in Sino-Canadian Oil and Gas Cooperation

我国油气对外依存度连年升高,在积极寻求海外油气资源的同时也很注重进口来源多元化。加拿大油气资源丰富,政治稳定,为了改变美国一家独大的油气出口格局,也在努力实现油气资源出口的多元化,双方合作潜力巨大。中加两国已建立了战略合作伙伴关系,2012年加拿大对华石油出口量达到2.98×104bbl/d,两国油气合作发展迅速,并购交易活跃。但在中加油气合作中也存在一些制约因素,如加拿大油气合作项目大都为油砂和页岩气资源,项目投资大、风险高;加拿大是自由党和保守党两党轮流执政,使得对外油气投资政策具有一定的不确定性;美国会利用地缘政治、地缘经济影响力,对加拿大在油气资源领域的合作进行干涉;同时中国石油企业也存在自身发展不足、对加拿大市场重视不够等问题。为促进中加油气合作的进一步发展,应加强两国政府层面的长效协调沟通机制,构建良好的政府间互动关系,拓展油气合作领域范围,建立中美油气合作互信交流机制;中国石油企业要做好长期规划,准确定位加拿大油气市场,认真评估潜在风险,加强油气合作项目评价,探索"最佳实践指导"。

While its reliance on imported oil and gas is growing yearly,China has placed high value on the diversification of oil and gas import sources in looking for supplies overseas.Canada is rich in oil and gas and politically stable.In order to reduce the role of the United States in its oil and gas exports,Canada is also trying to diversify the targets for its oil and gas exports.This has created an enormous potential for the cooperation between China and Canada.China and Canada have established strategic partnership.In 2012,Cana- da exported 2.98×10^4bbl of oil to China per day.The scale of oil and gas cooperation between the two coun- tries is growing rapidly and acquisition and merger activities between them have been very active.However, some constraints remain.For example,most oil and gas projects in Canada are oil sand and shale gas pro- jects,which are characterized by high capital investment and high risks.In Canada,the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party rule the country in turn,meaning there is some uncertainty in the country＇s policies on oil and gas investment.The United States will have a hand in Canada＇s oil and gas projects involving foreign investors by taking advantage of its geopolitical and geoeconomical influence.In addition,Chinese oil companies have their own problems and have not yet attached adequate importance to the Canadian market.In order to promote the oil and gas cooperation between China and Canada,China should move to strengthen the long- term mechanism for coordination and communication at the government level ,develop a good interactive rela- tionship between the two governments ,expand the area of cooperation in the oil and gas sector and establish a mechanism for strengthening mutual confidence and communication between China and the United States in oil and gas cooperation.Chinese oil Companies should have long-term plans in place,accurately position the Canadian oil and gas market,carefully assess risks,strengthen assessment of oil and gas cooperative projects and explore the best practice guidelines.