摘要
目的 探讨老年冠心病患者实施胃肠道手术的围手术期个体化容量治疗的最佳方案.方法 选择2009年1月至2012年12月实施胃肠道手术的80例老年冠心病患者(年龄65~80岁),按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组40例.对照组术中及术后均采用常规容量治疗方案;试验组术中及术后转入重症监护室(ICU) 24 h期间采用个体化容量治疗方案:即在心脏指数(CI)、每搏输出量指数、每搏变异度等指标的指导下,进行滴定式容量治疗.比较两组入手术室(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、手术开始(T3)、术中1 h(T4)、手术结束(T5)、转入ICU 6 h(T6)、转入ICU 12 h(T7)和转入ICU 24 h(T8)时血流动力学指标、液体出入量情况、心脏不良事件发生率及胃肠道功能恢复情况.结果 与T1时相比,两组患者T2时平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、CI和每搏输出量(SV)显著降低[试验组:(68.1±6.1) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)比(84.4±5.2) mm Hg、(5.5±0.8) cm H2O(1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa)比(6.2±1.0) cm H2O、(2.8±1.6)L/(min·m2)比(3.3±0.8) L/(min·m2)、(65.7±4.5) ml比(74.3±7.5) ml;对照组:(65.4±7.3) mm Hg比(85.1±6.6) mm Hg、(4.6±0.8) cm H2O比(6.4±1.1)cm H2O、(2.7±0.7) L/(min·m2)比(3.3±0.6) L/(min·m2)、(60.6±7.6)ml比(73.8±7.5) ml],每搏变异度(Svv)显著升高[试验组:(15.9±5.1)%比(12.1±5.9)%;对照组:(15.8±9.4)%比(12.6±8.4)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).与对照组相同时间点相比,试验组患者T3时MAP显著增高,T4和T5时CI显著增高,T2~T7时SV显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).术中转入ICU 24 h试验组患者总输液量、晶体使用量及尿量均明显少于对照组,而胶体使用量明显多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组心脏不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.232).试验组术后ICU停留时间、排气时间、排粪时间、进流食时间及住院时间均显著少于对照组[(37±13)h比(55±25)h、(72±12)h比(99±13)h、(92±16)h比(113±16)h、(4.0±0.8)d比(4.9±1.9)d、(17±4)d比(27±5)d],差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05或<0.01).结论 老年冠心病患者实施胃肠道手术期间,应用个体化容量治疗可有效减少各类心脏不良事件的发生,改善术后胃肠道功能并缩短住院时间.
Objective To evaluate the individualized fluid therapy in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,80 cases of coronary heart disease patients (aged 65-80 years) undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were divided into test group and control group by random digits table with 40 cases each.Traditional fluid therapy was used in control group in the intraoperative and postoperative period.Individualized fluid therapy was used in test group in the intraoperative and postoperative transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the period of 24 h:in cardiac index (CI),stroke output index,stroke variation degree,under the guidance of indicators such as capacity titration type treatment.Hemodynamic index,fluid intake,incidence of cardiac adverse events and recovery of gastrointestinal function were compared in two groups into the operating room (T1),after anesthesia induction (T2),the operation started (T3),intraoperative 1 h (T4),the end of surgery (T5),transferred to the ICU 6 h (T6),transferred to the ICU 12 h (T7) and transferred to the ICU 24 h (T8).Results Compared with T1,two groups of patients with mean arterial pressure (MAP),central venous pressure (CVP),CI and stroke volume (SV) were lower than those at T2 [test group:(68.1 ±6.1) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs.(84.4 ±5.2) mm Hg,(5.5 ±0.8) cm H2O(1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa) vs.(6.2 ± 1.0) cm H2O,(2.8 ± 1.6) L/(min·m2) vs.(3.3 ± 0.8) L/(min·m2),(65.7 ± 4.5) ml vs.(74.3 ± 7.5) ml;control group:(65.4 ± 7.3) mm Hg vs.(85.1 ± 6.6) mm Hg,(4.6 ± 0.8) cm H2O vs.(6.4± 1.1) cm H2O,(2.7 ±0.7) L/(min·m2) vs.(3.3 ±0.6) L/(min·m2),(60.6 ± 7.6) ml vs.(73.8 ±7.5)ml],stroke variation degree (SVV) was significantly increased [test group:(15.9 ±5.1)% vs.(12.1 ±5.9)%; control group:(15.8 ± 9.4)% vs.(12.6 ± 8.4)%],there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05).Compared with the same time of control group,MAP was higher at T3,CI was higher at T4 and T5,SV was higher at T2-T7,there was significant difference (P〈 0.05).The total transfusion amount,crystal usage and urine in intraoperative and transferred to the ICU 24 h in test group were less than those in control group,while colloid usage was more than that in control group,there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05).The incidence of cardiac adverse events between two groups had no significant difference (P =0.232).The postoperative ICU stay time,exhaust time,defecation time,into the liquid diets time and hospital stay in test group were less than those in control group [(37 ± 13) h vs.(55 ± 25) h,(72 ± 12) h vs.(99 ± 13) h,(92 ± 16) h vs.(113 ± 16) h,(4.0 ±0.8) d vs.(4.9 ± 1.9) d,(17 ±4) d vs.(27 ±5) d],there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05 or 〈 0.01).Conclusion In the elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing gastrointestinal surgery,individualized fluid therapy can effectively decrease adverse cardiac events,improve postoperative gastrointestinal function,and reduce length of hospital stay.
出处
《中国医师进修杂志》
2013年第32期1-5,共5页
Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine
基金
海南省卫生厅科学研究课题(琼卫2011-116)
关键词
个体化医学
围手术期护理
外科手术
手术后并发症
Individualized medicine
Perioperative nursing
Surgical procedures operative
Postoperative complications