二尖瓣置换术中射频消融治疗慢性心房颤动的疗效分析

Clinical Analysis of Concomitant Mitral Valve Replacement and Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

目的 分析二尖瓣置换术同期采用Atricure双极射频改良迷宫手术治疗慢性心房颤动的疗效，总结其临床经验。 方法 回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年9月苏北人民医院59例二尖瓣病变合并慢性心房颤动患者的临床资料，其中男22例，女37例；年龄29 ～ 71 （48 ± 11） 岁。心房颤动持续时间1.2 ～ 26.0 （7.2 ± 3.4） 年。术前心功能（NYHA分级） Ⅱ级20例，Ⅲ级31例，Ⅳ级8例。二尖瓣中至重度狭窄32例，二尖瓣中至重度关闭不全9例，二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全18例；合并三尖瓣关闭不全42例。左心房内径39 ～ 98 （55.2±8.9） mm。9例患者左心房内有血栓形成。于术中应用Atricure双极射频消融装置（Inc.West Chester，Ohio，USA），频率460 kHz，最大能量28.5 W，在常温体外循环心脏跳动下进行右心房消融，然后在中低温心脏停搏下进行左、右肺静脉口和左心房的消融隔离，最后进行二尖瓣置换。术后常规使用胺碘酮，并定期进行随访。 结果 术后无围术期死亡，体外循环时间 65～180 （99 ± 28） min， 主动脉阻断时间 46～123 （69 ± 17） min，射频消融时间15～28 （21 ± 4） min。术后心脏复跳后44例患者立即恢复窦性心律，10例患者仍为心房颤动，1例患者呈心房扑动心律，4例患者心动过缓使用心外膜临时起搏（3例恢复窦性心律，1例仍为心房颤动）。术后随访58例，随访时间6～33个月，失访1例。出院时、术后3个月、6个月、1年和2年窦性心律转复率分别为86.2 % （50/58）、91.4% （53/58）、89.7 % （52/58）、84.6 % （33/39）和71.4 % （5/7）。随访期间无远期血栓栓塞发生。 结论 二尖瓣置换术中应用Atricure双极射频改良迷宫手术治疗慢性心房颤动安全、近期疗效良好。

Objective To evaluate clinical results of concomitant mitral valve replacement （MVR） and modified maze procedure with Atricure bipolar radiofrequency for chronic atrial fibrillation （AF）. Methods Clinical data of 59 patients with mitral valve diseases and chronic AF who underwent concomitant MVR and bipolar radiofrequency ablation in Subei People’s Hospital from June 2010 to September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 male and 37 female patients with their age of 29-71 （48±11） years. The AF duration was 1.2-26.0 （7.2±3.4） years. Preoperatively，there were 20 patients with New York Heart Association （NYHA） class Ⅱ，31 patients with NYHA class Ⅲ and 8 patients with NYHA class Ⅳ. There were 32 patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis，9 patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation and 18 patients with combined mitral stenosis and regurgitation. There were 42 patients with tricuspid regurgitation. The left artial dimension was 39-98 （55.2±8.9） mm. Left atrial thrombus was found in 9 patients. Atricure bipolar radiofrequency system was used for right atrial ablation under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） with beating heart first，then for ablations of the left and right pulmonary vein orifices and left atrium under moderate hypothermia with heart arrest. MVR was performed after ablation procedures were completed. Amiodarone was routinely used postoperatively and patients were periodically followed up after discharge. Results There was no in-hospital death. CPB time was 65-180 （99±28）minutes，aortic cross-clamping time was 46-123 （69±17）minutes，and ablation time was 15-28 （21±4）minutes. Postoperatively，heart rhythm immediately changed to sinus rhythm （SR） in 44 patients，remained AF in 10 patients and atrial flutter in 1 patient. Temporary pacemaker was used for 4 patients with bradycardia （3 patients recovered SR and 1 patient remained AF later）. Fifty-eight patients were followed up after discharge for 6-33 months，and 1 patient was lost during follow-up. Patients’ SR rate was 86.2 % （50/58），91.4% （53/58），89.7 % （52/58），84.6 % （33/39）and 71.4 % （5/7）at discharge，3 months，6 months，1 year and 2 years after discharge respectively. There was no thrombotic event during follow-up. Conclusion Concomitant MVR and modified maze procedure with Atricure bipolar radiofrequency is a safe procedure for chronic AF with good short-term results.