集体资产分割中的多重逻辑——中国农村股份合作制改造与“村改居”实践

The Multiple Logics in the Segmentation of Collective Wealth——The Construction of Incorporated Companies and the Changing Villages to Residential Communities

通过发生在上海、宁波、广州、深圳和济南的一系列农村股份合作制改造和"村改居"实践,考察在传统集体主义经济逐步"解体"的过程中,人们对集体财富的起源和集体成员边界的理解,揭示了不同改制方案和分配方案后的意识形态合法性及其运行的多重逻辑:"农龄股"设置的背后是集体主义"劳动创造"的逻辑;"原始贡献股"设置的背后是资本主义的"资本制造"的逻辑;"干部贡献股"的设置体现了对村干部作为企业家和管理者贡献的承认和尊重;作为最普遍的"人头股"的背后则是传统村落共同体的"成员权"逻辑。准确把握集体资产分割背后的多重逻辑,正确处理好不同意识形态冲突与村民实际利益之间的关系,是保证集体资产分割顺利进行的关键。

In the past century, the difference between ＂Capital Creation＂ and ＂Labor Creation＂ has been a fundamental problem concerned with the legality of capital and wealth creation in capitalism and socialism＇s debate. The principle of ＂nature endows the membership of a village＂ used to be the basis of keeping stable social order in the village. The contribution of management is always a controversial issue in public ownership economic system. Through investigating a series of practices of village joint stock system and ＂changing villages to residential communities＂ in Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Jinan, this paper attempts to explore the two questions in the disintegration process of traditional communism： ＂ How do people interpret the origin of collective wealth and the boundary among collective members, and how do the logic of traditionalism, socialism and capitalism interact in villages＇ social practices.