木材的溶胶-凝胶改性研究进展

Research Progress on Sol-gel Modification of Wood

作为可持续资源,木材是理想的室内外建筑和装饰材料。但木材易燃且受环境影响极大,对其改性处理长期以来受到广泛关注,探索绿色环保的木材改性新方法是近年来材料学和化学界共同关注的课题。无机材料具有无毒性及制备简单等特点,其对木材的改性,不仅可最大限度地保持木材的环境学特征,还能提高木材多方面性能。溶胶-凝胶是近二十年来发展起来的用于制备无机材料及其涂层的湿化学方法,能够有效用于木材改性,获得木材/无机复合材料。本文在分析和总结木材的溶胶-凝胶法改性机理及特征的基础上,重点阐述了通过溶胶-凝胶改性实现对木材多方面性能的提高和改善,包括阻燃性、抗菌性、防水性、抗紫外辐射和力学性能,并对该领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

As the sustainable resource,wood is ideal for indoor and outdoor construction and decoration.However,wood is flammable and greatly influenced by the environment.Modification of wood has long been widely concerned and it is nowadays the common concern of material scientists and chemists to explore environmental-friendly methods of wood modification.Inorganic materials,with the characteristics of non-toxic and simple preparation,can not only keep the environmental merits of the wood to the most degree,but also improve many properties of wood.Sol-gel technique,a wet chemistry approach,was developed two decades ago for the preparation of inorganic materials and their coatings,and can be used for wood modification effectively to obtain wood/inorganic composites.In this review,we give an overview of the mechanism and characters of sol-gel modification of wood and the improvements of wood properties after sol-gel modification,including flame-retardant,antibacterial,water proofness,anti-UV and mechanical properties.We also look into the future trends in the field.