不同基因型花生品种根系形态差异的研究

Differences in Root Morphology of Peanut Varieties with Different Genotypes

【目的】明确不同基因型花生品种根系形态发育特征和根系生长发育规律。【方法】采用土柱栽培法，研究不同基因型花生品种不同生育期、不同土层根系形态发育特征及其差异。【结果】两品种单株总根长、根系总生物量、根系总体积、根系总表面积均随生育进程呈先增后减的“抛物线”型变化趋势，根系总生物量在播种后46d达最大值，而单株总根长、根系总体积、根系总表面积峰值则滞后到播种后68d。两品种0～20cm、20—40cm土层中根系生物量均表现先增加后减小的变化趋势，40—100cm土层则随生育进程呈渐增趋势。唐科8在各生育时期单株总根长、根系总生物量、根系总体积、根系总表面积均大于花育23，在播种后68d达峰值时，唐科8的根系总体积、单株总根长是花育23的1．66、1．65倍，40～100em土层根系生物量增加速率大于花育23。【结论】唐科8品种根系发达，具有较强的吸收水分、养分及抗逆能力；唐科8比花育23有更好的根系空间分布。

[ Objective ] The purpose of this study was to clarify different genotypes of peanut varieties root morphological development characteristics and root growth and development. [ Method ] The differences of the different layers of root morphology at different growth stages with two genotypes of peanut varieties were studied with soil column cultivation method. [ Result] The dynamic of root length, biomass, volume, surface area per plant of two varieties was increased and then decreased like ＂parabolic＂ curve as the growth period proceeded, the total root biomass reached a maximum at 46 d after sowing, and for the total root length, total root volume, root surface area per plant was delayed to 68 d after sowing. The root biomass of two varieties in 0 - 20 cm, 20 -40 em soil layers was increased and then decreased, they gradually increased in 40 - 100 cm soil layer withthe growth periods. The total root length, biomass, volume and surface area per plant of Tangke 8 were greater than those of Huayu 23 in every growth stage. The total root volume, length per plant of Tangke 8 was 1.66 and 1.65 times than that of Huayu 23 at 68 d after sowing. The speed of the former in 40 - 100 cm soil layer was greater than that of latter. [ Conclusion] The root of Tangke 8 was more developed, with strong absorption moisture, nutrients ability and resistance. It was better than that of Huayu 23.