腾冲火山灰植烟土壤增施镁、锌、硼肥对烤烟产量和质量的影响

Effects of different magnesium, zinc and boron levels on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Tengchong volcanic ash soil

为提高腾冲火山灰土壤区域烟叶品质,将硫酸镁0、57.75、115.5 kg/hm2和硫酸锌0、6.60、13.2 kg/hm2及硼砂0、8.25、16.5 kg/hm2按三因素三水平设计成9个处理,通过田间试验,研究增施镁、锌、硼肥对该区域烤烟农艺性状、经济性状及化学成分的影响。结果表明:T1(无镁低锌低硼)、T2(无镁中锌中硼)、T4(低镁低锌中硼)和T8(中镁中锌低硼)处理的烟株长势较强,烤烟经济性状较好,其中,T1处理的烤烟产值和中上等烟比例最高,分别达到6.68万元/hm2和96.3%;烟叶化学成分可用性指数T1处理的最高,其上、中、下部烟叶可用性指数分别为0.69、0.73和0.80;T1、T2、T4和T8处理烟叶质体色素降解产物含量及其他挥发性香气物质含量较高,烟叶品质总体较好,与对照间的差异均达显著水平。在腾冲火山灰土上增施一定量的硫酸锌和硼砂能提高烟叶的产量和质量,彰显火山灰土壤区域烟叶特色。

To improve quality of tobacco in the region of volcanic ash soil, field experiment of nine treatments of three factors and three levels, which were composed with magnesium sulfate （0, 57.75, and 115.5 kg/hm^2）, zinc sulfate （0, 6.60, 13.2 kg/hm^2） and borax （0, 8.25, and 16.5 kg/hm^2） was designed to research the effect of adding extra magnesium, zinc and boron on agricultural character, economic character and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco in Tengchong county. The results showed that treatment one （Tl,with magnesium free and low zinc and boron level）, treatment two （T2, with magnesium free and moderate zinc and boron level）, treatment four （T4, with moderate boron and low magnesium and zinc level）, and treatment eight （Ts, with moderate magnesium, zinc and low boron level） could result in a better tobacco growth and good economic character compared with that of CK. Among the mentioned treatments, the yield value of treatment 1 was 66.8 thousand Yuan per hectare, with a 96.3% of middle and first class tobacco. The usability index of top, middle-stalk and lower leave was 0.69, 0.73 and 0.80, respectively. It could promote the growth of tobacco plant, improve the economic character and availability of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, and increase the content of plastid pigment degradation products and other volatile aroma substances in tobacco leaves by increasing extra zinc sulfate and borax in volcanic ash soil.