舰载机自动着舰引导控制律参数整定

Optimization of Automatic Landing Control Parameters of Carrier-Based Aircraft

研究舰载机着舰准确性控制问题,为了更加准确地制定自动着舰纵向回路引导控制律,以提高航母舰载机着舰安全性,克服海上恶劣环境造成的姿态变化,提出了一种遗传算法的比例-积分-微分(Proportion-Integration-Differentiation,PID)引导律控制器参数整定方法。建立舰载机自动着舰纵向回路综合仿真系统,包括舰载机着舰系统和着舰环境,利用基于遗传算法(Genetic algorithm,GA)的PID参数寻优方法设置纵向引导控制器参数。比对遗传算法寻优得到的PID控制器与Ziegler-Nichols方法设计的PID控制器对阶跃输入指令的响应,重点分析综合舰尾流和航母运动的舰载机纵向引导自动着舰误差。仿真结果表明:在采用遗传算法寻优得到的PID控制器引导下,舰载机基本能够保持理想下滑航迹,跟踪航母甲板理想着舰点高度变化,消除舰尾流扰动影响,为舰载机着舰安全性理论研究奠定基础。

To improve carrier landing safety of carrier - based aircraft by controlling the longitudinal loop automat- ic landing exactly, a new Proportion - Integration - Differentiation（PID） guided controller parameter optimization ap- proach based on genetic algorithm was proposed. The longitudinal loop automatic carrier landing simulation system in- cluding aircraft landing system and landing environment was established, and the vertical navigation controller parameters were found using PID parameter optimization method based on genetic algorithm（GA）. Comparisons were also made between the performances of optimized PID controller and Ziegler - Nichols PID controller, especially with em- phasis on the automatic landing error when the landing process was subjected to aft flow and carrier motion. Simulation results show that the optimized PID controller is able to keep the landing aircraft in the base downslide track angle, largely reduce the influence of aft flow, and track the position variation of the ideal landing point on the flight deck. This method forms a theoretical basis for safety of carrier - based aircraft landing task.