磷酸乙二酯类聚合物的合成及其生物应用

Synthesis and Bio-Application of Poly( Ethylene Phosphate)

磷酸酯类聚合物具有生物可降解及生物相容性的优点。分子中的磷以五价状态存在,其化学结构具有多样性和可设计性,容易进行化学修饰和功能化,因此该类聚合物的物理化学性质容易调节。由于磷酸酯类聚合物在药物控制释放、基因载体及组织工程等众多领域具有广阔的应用前景,因此近年来引起越来越多科研工作者的关注。其中,应用最广泛的是磷酸乙二酯类聚合物。本文围绕磷酸乙二酯类聚合物的结构特征,简单介绍了一系列磷酸乙二酯单体及其聚合物的合成方法。此外,根据近年来国内外的研究新成果,以几种具有代表性拓扑结构的磷酸乙二酯类聚合物为例,阐述了它们在药物装载、基因工程和组织工程等生物医学领域的应用。最后本文结合磷酸乙二酯类聚合物的优异性能,展望了其在生命科学领域的发展前景。

Polyphosphoesters are a class of biodegradable polymers with repeated phosphoester linkage in the backbone. Due to their biocompatibility and structural similarities to naturally occurring nucleic and teichoic acids, funetionalized polyphosphoesters have attracted more and more attention in the last decade and have currently been studied extensively. The phosphorus is a pentavalent atom and can be modified by the incorporation of various substituents, which leads to formation of versatile structures and the easy side-chain functionalization, thus, it allows effective modification of their physical and chemical properties. Therefore polyphosphoesters have been applied in drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering and so on. Among them, the most popular and widely used of such polymers is poly （ethylene phosphate）. This review briefly summarizes the structural characteristics of poly （ethylene phosphate） and the controlled synthetic methods, which provide access to novel and complex polymer structures. The article focuses on the various types of synthetic poly（ethylene phosphate） such as linear, star and hyperbranched derivatives, particularly those poly（ethylene phosphate） derivatives that applied in biological fields are highlighted. In addition, on the basis of current research in the fields, this paper presents several representative topologies of poly（ ethylene phosphate） and their application in drug/gene deliveries and tissue engineering. At last we propose the prospects of poly（ethylene phosphate） development in life sciences, and we look forward to better communication with other scientists in this field.